單詞 that 在英語中用法很是普遍, 在高考中也是重點考查的對象, 因此有必要在此做一下小結, 以便于學生們對其有個清晰的了解。下面我從六個方面對其進行總結。
1. that 可用作指示代詞, 指時間或空間較遠的人或物,意為“那個”。例如:
①Who’s that boy over there? (那邊那個小男孩是誰? 指人)
②What’s that? (那是什么? 指物)
2. that 可用作替代詞, that = the + 單數名詞(不可數名詞),其作用是避免重復出現前面的名詞。 后面通常要有介詞短語作限制定語。例如 :
①The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. (that = the + population)
②The book on the desk is more interesting than that on the chair. ( that = the +book)
3. that 可作副詞用, 相當于so ,意為 “那么”。例如:
I have never seen that foolish a man. ( 我從來沒見過那么愚蠢的一個人。)
這里, that 可以用so 替代。
4. that可用作關系代詞, 引導定語從句, 既可指人也可指物,在從句中可作主語、表語、賓語或狀語。例如:
①This is the boy that/who saved Jane. (that 指人,在從句中作主語)
②The book that he is reading was borrowed from the library. ( that 指物,在從句中作賓語)
③He is not the one that he used to be. (that 指人,在從句中作表語)
④I don’t like the way that you speak to your mother. (that 指方式, 在從句中作狀語,可用in which 替代)
5. that可用作連詞,引導名詞性從句。that 在從句中不作句子成分,只起連接作用。例如:
①That he failed the exam made his parents disappointed. (that 引導主語從句,在從句中不作句子成分,無意義,不可省略)
②The reason why he was late was that he got up late. ( that 引導表語從句,不作句子成分,無意義,不可省略)
③I don’t believe that he has gone abroad. (that 引導賓語從句,在從句中常常省略)
④There is no doubt that he is right. (that 引導同位語從句,通常不省略)
6. that可用作從屬連詞,引導狀語從句。例如:
①I am glad that he has admitted the mistake. (that 引導原因狀語從句)
②He is so nice a boy that every teacher like him. (that 引導結果狀語從句)
綜上所述,看似簡單的that 在實際應用中非常復雜,可在句子中起到很重要的作用,尤其是that用作替代詞及引導從句都是常考語法項目。
(責任編輯周侯辰)