聯(lián)系實(shí)際 活學(xué)活用

在教直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)中人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，我從真實(shí)語(yǔ)境、情景出發(fā)，從學(xué)生身邊熟悉的人、物入手，先做大量的聽說(shuō)訓(xùn)練。第一步，讓一些學(xué)生輪流站起來(lái)，各說(shuō)一個(gè)含有人稱代詞的句子，班上其余學(xué)生復(fù)述。如我問(wèn)Gary：How do you go to school? Gary說(shuō)：I often go to school by bike. 老師轉(zhuǎn)身問(wèn)全班同學(xué)：What does Gary say? 其余學(xué)生說(shuō)：Gary says he often goes to school by bike. （把這個(gè)句子板書在黑板）我及時(shí)提醒學(xué)生，在轉(zhuǎn)述他人的說(shuō)話時(shí)，要改變什么？根據(jù)什么去改變？又如Flora說(shuō)：I help my parents to do some housework. 其余學(xué)生就說(shuō)：Flora says she helps her parents to do some housework. 如此練八、九個(gè)學(xué)生。第二步，我在黑板上寫下Miss Su says...，然后我說(shuō)句子，讓學(xué)生用Miss Su says做主句來(lái)復(fù)述我說(shuō)過(guò)的話。例如我說(shuō)：I have a daughter. 學(xué)生就說(shuō)：Miss Su says she has a daughter. (有的學(xué)生不小心說(shuō)了Miss Su says I have a daughter. 就被別的學(xué)生笑了，笑過(guò)之后，犯錯(cuò)的學(xué)生會(huì)馬上意識(shí)到要轉(zhuǎn)換人稱。)我再說(shuō)：I love my students. 學(xué)生說(shuō)：Miss Su says she loves her students.我又說(shuō)：I know your name. 學(xué)生說(shuō)：Miss Su says she knows my name.如此練五、六句。第三步，分三人小組練習(xí)，讓全體學(xué)生都開動(dòng)腦筋開口發(fā)言，第一個(gè)學(xué)生說(shuō)一個(gè)句子，第二個(gè)學(xué)生向第三個(gè)學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)述，輪流造句。第四步，抽幾組進(jìn)行表演，檢查有否正確轉(zhuǎn)換人稱。

設(shè)計(jì)這幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的目的，就是讓學(xué)生通過(guò)身邊的同學(xué)，在真實(shí)、熟悉的語(yǔ)境中，去輕松理解人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變，不必死記硬背，就能掌握運(yùn)用。做完大量的口頭練習(xí)之后，再讓學(xué)生做一些中考題型，如單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換，學(xué)生就能水到渠成地寫出答案，正確率頗高，學(xué)習(xí)效果好。教師還可先展示學(xué)生自己的圖片進(jìn)行口頭練習(xí)，比較主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句，直接用被動(dòng)句結(jié)構(gòu)做句子。第一步，從學(xué)生身邊發(fā)生的事開始引入。例如，教一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，給出謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)am/is/are+P.P. 然后展示由本班學(xué)生擔(dān)當(dāng)主角的照片，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們說(shuō)出：Breakfast is eaten by Jack. Trees are watered by Tony. Dogs are fed by Jimmy. I am bumped by Tom. Money is counted by the little girl. 等句子。多運(yùn)用幽默有趣的動(dòng)畫、照片，激發(fā)起學(xué)生說(shuō)被動(dòng)句的興趣和欲望。第二步，二人小組練習(xí)，說(shuō)被動(dòng)句，盡量多說(shuō)幽默的句子。第三步，進(jìn)行比賽：把全班分成八個(gè)豎行小組，看哪個(gè)小組說(shuō)的被動(dòng)句最多，句子不能重復(fù)，說(shuō)得最多的前4組加分。第四步，口頭作文：A Ｗeekday. 學(xué)生把自己一天中常發(fā)生的事情，盡可能多地用被動(dòng)句說(shuō)出來(lái)。第五步，學(xué)生個(gè)人表演，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)出自己的A Ｗeekday。有的學(xué)生說(shuō)：In the morning， I am often woken up by my clock. Breakfast is cooked by me. Exercise books are handed in by Jerry. We are asked questions by the teachers. James is often played jokes by us.

責(zé)任編輯 邱麗