2011年江蘇省中考英語閱讀理解試題精析

當前，在各級別、各類型的英語測試中，閱讀理解都占有相當大的比重。從試題形式看，除了客觀選擇型的閱讀理解題，很多地區的中考試題中增加了任務型閱讀。了解閱讀理解試題的呈現形式、能力要求和命題特點，對更好地完成考試任務、提高閱讀理解成績有很大幫助。

一、 總體評析

2011年全省各市中考英語試卷閱讀理解試題的設計科學、合理，除考查學生把握語篇結構的能力外，還考查考生語言運用能力、閱讀策略以及社會文化意識。具體表現為以下特點：

1. 閱讀材料的體裁、題材豐富，適當配圖，呈現方式活潑。語言素材真實、地道，注重選取與社會實際、考生生活有聯系的材料，體現時代性、教育性和人文性。

2. 突出考查考生對文章語篇、語段的整體理解，直接獲取信息的題量在減少，深層理解的題量在增加，適度考查了考生綜合分析與判斷的能力。

3. 試題的呈現形式多樣，采用客觀選擇題和完成任務相結合的方式，考查考生提取直接與間接信息的能力以及整合信息并準確表述的能力。

4. 閱讀的語篇漸長、漸難，在注重考查考生閱讀技能的掌握與運用的同時，也突出考查考生閱讀的速度和準確度。

二、 試題簡析

例1 （2011無錫市）（保留原題號）

Chris Jones recently completed a very unusual journey. Our reporter Mary Owen met him at his home in the south of London and he told her all about the trip.

Reporter: What gave you the idea to make a trip around India on an elephant， Chris?

Chris: Well， it all started the idea two years ago when I was planning a trip to India. I visited a photo exhibition of elephants and I realized that the only enjoyable way to make a trip around India was on an elephant.

Reporter: What did you do next?

Chris: I flew to New Delhi and started looking for an elephant. I needed an elephant trained to carry people. I didnt know anything about elephants， so I asked an expert(專家) for help. He taught me how to ride an elephant. He also helped me find an elephant.

Reporter: How long did it take to find a suitable elephant?

Chris: Not too long. I bought a female elephant called Tara for about 6，000 dollars.

Reporter: Can you tell me about the journey?

Chris: Tara and I set off from New Delhi a week later. We were going to Sonepur in northern India. There is a big elephant market there and I could sell Tara easily. And what a ride! Elephants can travel at about 6 miles an hour and Sonepur is more than 1，200 km away. It took us 64 days to complete the journey.

Reporter: Did you have any problems on your journey?

Chris: Yes， a few. But nothing serious. On the third day， Tara hurt her foot. But that got better quickly. Also， there was a lot of heavy rain during the first week and we got very wet!

Reporter: What happened when you reached Sonepur?

Chris: My plan was to sell Tara. But I was very fond of her. I couldnt take her back to Britain and I didnt want to sell her at the market. I happened to meet some people who wanted an elephant for their national park in southern India. I knew that Tara would be safe with them， so I gave her to them. I was very sad to say goodbye.

29. Chris got the idea to make a trip around India on an elephant from .

A. a visit to a zoo B. an elephant expert from India

C. the photos of elephant D. an old friend who lived in India

30. The elephant expert told Chris .

A. when to buy an elephant B. how to feed an elephant

C. where to sell his elephant D. how to ride an elephant

31. Chris decided to go to Sonepur because .

A. it is a very interesting place

B. he would be able to sell Tara there easily

C. elephants cannot be sold anywhere else

D. it would take only a short time to get there

32. When Chris arrived at the market in Sonepur， .

A. he realized that he did not really want to sell Tara

B. he visited some shopkeepers

C. he sold Tara to a national park

D. he decided to take Tara home with him

本文是一篇對話采訪式的閱讀材料，材料來源于報刊，內容是關于倫敦南部一位叫Chris Jones的男子騎大象游印度的一次不同尋常的旅行經歷。選用這樣的材料體現了語言真實交際的原則，同時也能提高測試的真實性。材料中不同尋常的旅行方式也能激發學生閱讀的興趣，促進他們學習英語的動機和愿望。

答案及解析：

29. 答案為C。這是一道簡單的推斷題，Chris Jones看了大象的照片展覽，讓他萌生這次不同尋常的旅行。根據第三段第二句“I visited a photo exhibition of elephants and I realized that the only enjoyable way to make a trip around India was on an elephant.”可知答案。

30. 答案為D。這是一道信息查找題，第五段第四句“He taught me how to ride an elephant.”給出了本題的答案。

31. 答案為B。文章的第九段談及了Chris Jones旅行的目的地以及選擇的原因，其中第三句“There is a big elephant market there and I could sell Tara easily.”可幫助學生作答。

32. 答案為A。 采訪的最后一段，Chris Jones提到了到達目的地后，他本想賣掉陪伴他旅行多日的大象，可是在旅途中他與大象結下了感情，他不想賣了，第三句“… I didnt want to sell her at the market.”最終他給大象找了一個安全的歸屬“national park in southern India”。考生需仔細，否則會誤選C答案。

例2 （2011南京市）（保留原題號）

Look carefully at the back of a California state quarter. A man with a walking stick is pictured there. A bird called a California condor(大禿鷲) is flying overhead. Who is this man，and why is he so important that he is featured(處于顯著地位) on the back of a coin?

The man on this quarter is John Muir. Even as a child， Muir loved watching nature. As a young man， he spent much of his life exploring the beauty of the wilderness. He walked more than a thousand miles across the country， through fields and woods. John Muir liked writing about the places he visited， describing their beauty.

Muir also wrote about problems. In order to create more farmland for sheep and cattle， many trees were being cut down. This made Muir unhappy and worried， because he knew that trees were important to forests and to the animals that lived in them. Muir believed that nature should be conserved(保護) instead of being changed by human beings. He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers to spread the word about conserving forests. Soon， others began to listen.

Muir wrote letters to important people，such as President Theodore Roosevelt. The president admired Muirs love for nature. When Roosevelt came to visit Muir in California， Muir convinced(說服) the president to go camping with him for three nights under the trees so they could talk about conservation. Later，President Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of land for national forests and established(建立) five national parks. National parks are large areas of land that are protected from development. This means that people cannot build homes or businesses there. One of these parks is Yosemite National Park， the area that is featured on the back of the California quarter.

Though it has been almost one hundred years since John Muir died，people continue his work today. His work as a conservationist helped us to see the beauty of our natural world. John Muir made us understand the importance of protecting our earth and our resources—then， now， and for the future.

( )41. What did John Muir spend much of his life doing when he was a young man?

A. Watching natural views.

B. Writing about the places he visited.

C. Exploring the beauty of the wilderness.

D. Creating farmland for sheep and cattle.

( )42. Why did President Theodore Roosevelt visit John Muir?

A. Because Roosevelt loved watching nature.

B. Because Roosevelt received letters from John Muir.

C. Because Roosevelt admired John Muirs love for nature.

D. Because Roosevelt was sad about the problems with farmland.

( )43. What happened after President Roosevelt went camping with John Muir?

A. Many trees were cut down.

B. Five national parks were established.

C. More homes and businesses were built.

D. More farmland was used for sheep and cattle.

( )44. Why is John Muir featured on the back of a California state quarter?

A. Because he walked over a thousand miles across the country.

B. Because he helped people understand the importance of protecting the natural world.

C. Because he wrote articles to spread the word about conserving forests.

D. Because he once wrote several letters to President Theodore Roosevelt.

( )45. What is the writers purpose of writing this article?

A. To advise readers to become active conservationists.

B. To make us interested in the story about a great man.

C. To tell us something about an important person in history.

D. To give information about how to conserve the environment.

本文主要介紹了美國加利福尼亞州的25分硬幣的背面人物約翰·繆爾的生平事跡以及他為自然生態保護作出的貢獻。短文內涵豐富，題目設置緊扣文章主題與內容。干擾項的信息來自文章，考查學生比較信息、篩選信息、處理信息的能力，還通過題目的設置引發學生深層次的思考，揣摩作者的寫作意圖。

41. 答案為C。本題主要考查學生獲取具體信息的能力。文中第二段第三句提到“As a young man， he spent much of his time exploring the beauty of the wilderness.”答案C與問題相吻合。

42. 答案為C。這題難度不大，題目問“為什么Roosevelt總統會拜訪繆爾？” 由文章第四段第二句“The president admired Muirs love for nature.”可知答案。

43. 答案為B。這是一道細節理解題，Roosevelt總統和繆爾去野營之后發生了什么事？由文章第四段的第四句可知答案。

44. 答案為B。本題考查學生理解文章主旨大意的能力以及閱讀的技巧，引導學生關注文章的首句或末句。為什么繆爾的圖像會出現在加利福尼亞州的25美分硬幣背面？文章的最后一句給出了答案——繆爾在歷史上對生態環境保護作出了極大的貢獻。

45. 答案為C。本題考查學生深層次理解文意、揣摩作者寫作意圖的能力。整篇文章主要講述了歷史上對生態保護作出極大貢獻的繆爾，他在歷史上如此重要以至于他的圖像被印在了加利福尼亞州的硬幣上。這也突顯了人們對他極大的尊重和紀念。

三、 命題走向

《英語課程標準》（實驗稿）中關于初中畢業應達到的五級目標對閱讀技能有明確的要求。2012年中考英語閱讀理解的命題一定會依據《課標》要求，試題將會繼續堅持以考查學生綜合語言運用能力為目標，通過設置真實的任務考查學生綜合利用信息解決實際問題的能力。考查內容主要集中在：理解并獲取文章中的具體信息；根據上下文推測生詞的意思；進行簡單的判斷和推理；理解文章的基本結構；理解文章的主旨與要義；理解作者的意圖和態度等。選材除了有情節、有內涵并富有教育意義的故事外，具有鮮明時代特色、實用性強的語言材料也可能會作為試題的素材，如產品說明書、廣告、圖表等等。考查重點會放在對語篇的整體理解上。任務型閱讀的題型會更多地出現在中考試卷上。總之，閱讀理解題將會力求科學地、全面地考查學生經過初中階段學習后所具備的英語閱讀能力和水平。