【摘 要】據(jù)調(diào)查,初中生在英語書面表達過程中普遍存在著一些問題。如何解決這個問題?本文作者提出了自己的見解。
【關(guān)鍵詞】初中英語 書面表達能力 問題 策略
近幾年,英語中考題中的書面表達能力,賦分由原來的10分上升為15分。這對學生和教師來說,都是一個嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。如何應(yīng)對?筆者的策略是:
一、尋根問底,剖析存在問題
調(diào)查研究表明:學生在英語書面表達能力中存在著如下問題:
1. 中式英語Chinglish :如:There are three boys are playing basketball on the playground.Please tell her doesn’t cross the road. "
2. 錯別字、近義詞混淆、詞性用錯。如:My father can do cakes.He speaks English very good.
3. 詞組、句型使用不正確。如He has made some friend in the school.It took him forty minutes do his homework last night.
4. 時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱把握不準。如:His father has died three days ago.The homework has done.
5. 不注意名詞的單復數(shù)或第三人稱單數(shù)。如:I saw three boy in the park.Three are some breads in the basket.The shirt feel soft.
6. 格式、大小寫、標點不規(guī)范。如:句首字母不注意大寫,使用從句時不會使用標點:After he went back home. He cooked supper.
二、千方百計,采取應(yīng)對策略
(一)夯實單詞拼寫,培養(yǎng)學生組句能力
學生堅持聽寫、默寫,鞏固詞匯;要求學生給出與單詞有關(guān)的同義、近義、反義和詞形相似的詞。如:反義like/dislike,friendly/unfriendly,possible/impossible. 詞形相似的詞quite/quiet,parents/presents/peasants;以某一詞為中心,寫出該詞的不同形式或詞性,組成典型的句型,不斷豐富詞匯和句型。如拼寫單詞die時,不但要寫出其過去式過去分詞died,而且要寫出其他詞性(death, dead, dying), 再分別組句,如:Xie Jin died five days ago. He has been dead for five days. His death made his pet very sad. It is dying.又如寫到易混淆的詞pay, spend, cost, take時,可以多種方式表達句意。Mary paid 120 yuan for the skirt. She spent 120 yuan on the skirt. She spent 120 yuan buying the skirt. The skirt cost her 120 yuan. It took her fifty minutes to read the newspaper yesterday.等。學生通過詞匯練習,有效地積累了詞匯,為組句打下了基礎(chǔ);在詞句落實的基礎(chǔ)上,還向?qū)W生提出稍高的要求,寫出高質(zhì)量的句子,如:What a smart brother he has! (He has a smart brother.);He studies so hard that we like him.( He studies very hard. We like him. )
(二)利用單元話題,設(shè)計書面表達訓練
《新標準》教材每個單元圍繞一個話題(Topic)展開,每個話題都有一定的功能(Function)。如:八年級教材中Module 5 Western music 等話題,我都精心圍繞這些話題,運用本單元的重點句型,訓練學生書面表達。針對Unit1中的話題,設(shè)計Talk about what music you like or you don’t.Why do you like it?針對Unit 2中的話題,設(shè)計Use the notes to write a passage about the composer Xian Xinghai作業(yè)。
(三)限時訓練,調(diào)動學生積極性
要求學生在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)完成統(tǒng)一印發(fā)的書面表達訓練,讓學生產(chǎn)生一種時間上的緊迫感,“逼”著自己積極思維,把孤立瑣碎的一些素材進行組織、整理,使其條理化、系統(tǒng)化,再仔細推敲,快速周密地組織語言文字,落筆成文。
(四)幫助學生,積累表達方式
①表選擇: or, either…or.②表轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步: but, although, though, yet, however, no matter…, after all.③表對比:like, unlike, while, compared.④表舉例:for example, such as…,take …for example, in one’s opinion, in other words.⑤表強調(diào):in fact, of course, first of all, What’s worse.⑥表時間順序:when, after, before, as soon as, soon after, since then, then, later, next, at last, first, secondly, thirdly, finally,at the same time.⑦表因果關(guān)系: because, since, as, for, for this reason, because of this, therefore, so, so…that….等。