摘要:在高中階段,我們經常會遇到一詞多義一詞多用現象,了解和掌握高中常見的這方面的知識,對于高中的英語學習至關重要。本文著重論述as的一詞多用,從歸類,例句和例題三位一體的角度對as的用法進行剖析和總結歸納,力爭對as的用法達到全面透徹的掌握,并由此引起英語學習者對一詞多義一詞多用現象的重視。
關鍵詞:一詞多義;一詞多用;as的用法;歸類;例句;例題
中圖分類號:G623.31
在高中英語中,牢固掌握as的用法十分重要。為了更好地認知、理解和運用as,現就as的用法做一總結歸納,愿與共同商榷、改進。
1. as做介詞
(1).好像(某人): He dressed as a policeman.
(2).當作,作為:①. He treated me as a friend. ②. As a student, you should study hard.
2. as做副詞
as... as... 結構:用于副詞和形容詞之前,以構成比較句型:He is as tall as his father.
注意:省略了的as:
以下舉例說明:
The pianos in the other shop will be _____, but _____.
A.cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better
C.cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
本題考查形容詞的比較級用法。as+原級+as... 否定為:not as/so+原級+as... 根據上下文可采用省略形式,即可省略第二個as。該題題意是\"另一家商店的鋼琴會便宜些,但不如這家商店的好。\"可知but 后應為否定的原級比較\"not as good as those in this shop\"。又因cheap的比較級形式是cheaper,不是more cheap, 故答案為C。
3. as做連詞
(1).在...期間,當...的時候:。 I watched her as she combed her hair.
(2).由于,因為。引導原因狀語從句:。 As you weren't there, I left a message.
(3).引導讓步狀語從句 (=although),從句倒裝。
①.Child as he is, he knows a lot. (=Although he is a child, ...)
②.Young as he is, he knows a lot.
③.Try as he may, I don't think he can succeed.
④.Much as I like the car, I can't afford it.
(4).如同,按照。引導方式狀語從句。
①. When in Rome, do as Romans do.
②. Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?
(5).引導倒裝結構句式,意為\"......也一樣\"。
Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.
所以上句可理解為:
Our eating habits have changed, and our way of life has changed, too.
再舉兩例:
She is tall, as are both her parents.
He is a doctor, as ____ his wife before she had children.
A. was B. is C. did D. does 答案:A
4. as作關系代詞
關系代詞是用來引起定語從句的。它一面代表定語從句所修飾的那個名詞(或代詞),一面又在從句中擔任一個成分,如主語,賓語,表語或定語。常見的關系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which.但在高中英語中,我們要特別注意:as也可以用作關系代詞。
關系代詞as:
(1).引導限制性定語從句,常和 the same, such, so, as 等連用:
①.Such books as you bought are very useful.
②.I have the same trouble as you (have)
③.It's as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.
④.She is so clever a girl as we all like.
注意:the same 后的關系詞還可為that, 試比較:
①This is the same book as you bought.(同一類)
②This is the same book that you bought.(同一個)
(2).as引導非限制性定語從句和which 的區別:
位置:as引導的從句可以放在句前,句中或句尾, 而which引導的從句通常放句尾.
指代:as指代主句內容,而which可指代主句也可指代先行詞.
語義:as可譯為\"正如,正像\",而which無語義。
①.As we all know, china is a country with a long history.
②.He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
③.Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean.
④.He gave me a book, which is about American history.
⑤.We have to go to school on Sundays, which we don't like.
破解:as與that:
現就針對一道選擇題來體現和對比as的關系代詞用法。
There was so big a stone______nobody could lift.
A.that B.which C.as D.so that
[解析]此題中,由題干中的so和四個選項可以看出,應用有關so...that.../so...as...(as作定從的結構)。而不簡單是一個定語從句。所以B項排除,而D項so that表示①為的是,以便。②結果,因此。是一個連詞。從句法和題意上都不符,所以排除。
要在A、C兩項做出選擇,就要分析一下so...that...結構和so...as...結構中that和as用法的區別。
在so+adj+an/a+n.+that...(如此 ... 以致于)。such an/a+adj+n.+that... 中 that是一個連詞,在從句中不作任何成分。
eg.She told us so interesting an story that we all forgot about the time.
由此可見:此題如果要選用so...that... 結構,題干中應加 \"it\",因為lift缺賓語:
There was so big a stone that nobody could lift it.
而在so+adj+an/a+n.as...結構中,as則是前面所提到的關系代詞用法,引導一個定語從句,指代stone, 在從句中作lift的賓語。所以此題選C。
俗話說熟能生巧。只要我們及時總結,細心琢磨,潛心研究,一定會嫻熟掌握as的各種用法。
參考文獻:
1.人教版高中英語教材
2.河北人民出版社《高中英語同步訓練》
3.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典
4.朗文當代高級英語辭典
5.高中英語語法表解大全