[摘要] 上尿路結石發病率高,嚴重影響人類健康及生活質量,隨著醫療技術的飛躍發展,經皮腎鏡取石術治療腎及輸尿管上段結石以其出血少、創傷小、手術時間短、術后并發癥少等優點,在有條件的醫院廣泛應用。尤其是微創經皮腎鏡取石術的廣泛應用和新型手術器械的發明應用,使得手術安全性進一步提高,其有望成為治療腎及輸尿管上段結石的主要方法之一。同時,該術式也存在一些亟待解決的問題。本研究就經皮腎鏡取石術治療上尿路結石做一綜述。
[關鍵詞] 經皮腎鏡取石術;腎結石;上尿路結石;進展
[中圖分類號] R693+.4 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 2095-0616(2012)21-60-04
New progress of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treating urinary calculus
CHANG Congwang WANG Xuehua
Department of Uropoiesis Surgical,Clinical College of Luzhou Medical School the First People's Hospital in Yibin City,Yibin 644000,China
[Abstract] The high incidence of urinary calculus influence human health and the quality of life seriously,with the rapid development of medical technology,PCNL in treating renal and upper ureteral calculi with its less bleeding,small trauma,surgical time is short,less postoperative complications etc,and in the conditional hospital are widely used in the treatment of complex renal and upper ureteral calculi.Especially minimally invasive MPCNL,extensive application and new surgical instruments invention,make the safety of the operation further improved,and its treatment of renal and ureter is expected to become one of the main methods of treating upper ureteral calculi.At the same time,the operation also exist some problems to be solved.This study introduces the treatment of upper ureteral calculi by PCNL.
[Key words] Percutaneous nephrolithotomy;Kidney stones;Upper ureteral calculi;Progress
泌尿系結石是泌尿外科常見病,在大部分地區占據住院患者首位。歐美國家的流行病學資料顯示,尿路結石影響全世界5%~15%的人口[1]。我國南方地區發病率高達5%~10%,年新發病率約150~200/10萬,其中25%的患者需住院治療[2]。由于生活水平的提高和飲食結構的改變,泌尿系結石的發病率也由最初的下尿路結石為主轉變為上尿路結石為主。如何安全、高效地治療上尿路結石成為泌尿外科醫師工作的重點之一。
根據結石成分、形態、大小及數量的不同,治療方法也多種多樣。除部分單發小結石適合溶石排石治療外,多數上尿路結石需外科干預。上世紀80年代以前,傳統開放手術是上尿路結石的主要治療方法。近年來,隨著體外沖擊波碎石術、輸尿管鏡碎石取石術及PCNL的發展成熟,在有條件的醫院,90%以上的上尿路結石可采用微創治療如微創經皮腎鏡取石術(mini-percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, MPCNL)且并發癥極少,而開放手術治療的機會越來越少[3]。……