醫學院新生心理健康現狀及壓力來源的研究

[摘要] 目的 探討醫學院本科新生心理健康現狀和主要壓力源。 方法 采用90項癥狀清單、大學生人格問卷和自制大學生心理健康影響因素之壓力來源問卷對4所醫學院2010級本科新生1 539人集體施測。 結果 （1）對于可能存在心理問題學生的篩查，SCL-90和UPI的陽性率分別為47.6%、52.3%；對于可能存在較為嚴重心理問題學生的篩查，SCL-90和UPI的陽性率分別為11.1%、15.5%。聯合應用SCL-90和UPI篩選出可能存在心理問題的學生人數為550名，與SCL-90、UPI篩查的陽性人數的吻合率分別依次為75.1%、68.3%；聯合應用二者篩選出可能存在較為嚴重心理問題的學生人數為119名，與SCL-90、UPI篩查的陽性人數的吻合率依次為69.6%、49.8%。（2）可能存在心理問題的學生面臨的壓力源排在前3位的依次是：學習壓力63.9%，就業壓力45.4%，人際關系壓力31.9%。 結論 聯合使用SCL-90與UPI能夠比較全面、準確地檢測醫學生可能存在的心理問題；就業與個人前途、學業以及人際關系的壓力是醫學院新生普遍面臨的壓力源，可能是醫學生心理健康水平的重要影響因素。

[關鍵詞] 健康心理學；壓力；大學生人格問卷；90項癥狀清單；醫學生

[中圖分類號] R395.6 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 2095-0616（2012）21-12-04

Mental health statuses and stressors of the freshmen at medical schools

KONG Fanye

Department of Psychology， Shenzhou Hospital of Shenyang Medical College， Shenyang 110013， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the mental health statuses and stressors of the freshmen at medical schools. Methods 1 539 freshmen from four medical schools in Liaoning province were tested with symptom checklist 90， university personality inventory and stressor Inventory. Results The positive rates of SCL-90 and UPI were 47.6% and 52.3% for the freshmen who might have psychological problems， while the positive rates were 11.1% and 15.5% for the freshmen who might have serious psychological problems. Being tested with both SCL-90 and UPI， 550 freshmen who might have psychological problems were selected， and the consistency to the positive population tested by SCL-90 or UPI separately was 75.1% or 68.3%， while being tested with both SCL-90 and UPI， 119 freshmen who might have serious psychological problems were selected， and the consistency to the positive population tested by SCL-90 or UPI separately was 69.6% or 49.8%. The three most common stressors experienced by the freshmen who might have psychological problems were stressor of study （63.9%）， the stressor of obtaining employment （45.4%） and the stressor of interpersonal relationship （31.9%）. Conclusion Combined application of SCL-90 and UPI could select the students who might have serious psychological problems roundly and accurately. Stressors of obtaining employment and personal future， school work and interpersonal relationship were experienced generally by freshmen at medical school， and these stressors might be very important factors effecting on the mental health of medical students.

[Key words] Health psychology； Stressor； University personality inventory； Symptom checklist 90； Medical student

90項癥狀清單（symptom checklist 90，SCL-90）和大學生人格問卷（university personality inventory，UPI）均是目前我國高等學校大學生心理健康狀況測評中常用的測量工具，已經被國內很多高校應用于大學新生的心理健康普測和篩查工作之中。許多研究者將SCL-90和UPI同時聯合使用，作為大學生心理健康的篩查工具，認為二者在篩查方面作用相當；SCL-90與UPI同時使用，能夠對UPI篩選出來的陽性學生進行進一步的評估，以確定他們心理問題的性質和程度，并且，還可以減少UPI篩選的假陽性率[1]。……