

[摘要] 目的 掌握本區留守兒童預防接種現狀,制定留守兒童預防接種應對策略提供可靠依據。 方法 采用隨機調查法對300名1~6歲兒童國家免疫規劃疫苗接種情況進行調查分析,以問卷的形式對120名留守兒童監護人進行預防接種知曉率調查。 結果 300名留守兒童5種加強免疫規劃疫苗合格接種率低于90%;留守兒童監護人預防接種知識知曉率低于60%。 結論 重點關注留守兒童預防接種工作,采取一系列的應對措施,提高留守兒童免疫規劃疫苗的合格接種率和監護人預防接種知識知曉率。
[關鍵詞] 留守兒童;預防接種;應對策略
[中圖分類號] R186 [文獻標識碼] C [文章編號] 2095-0616(2012)21-118-03
Vaccination situation and strategy of left-behind children in Wanli District
YUAN Mei
Wanli District Center for Disease Control of Nanchang City, Nanchang 330004, China
[Abstract] Objective To grasp the present situation of left-behind children in our region and provide reliable basis for formulating corresponding strategies. Methods Vaccination situation of 300 children from 1 to 6 years old were investigated and analyzed by random survey method, and 120 guardians of left-behind children were investigated about vaccination awareness by questionnaire survey. Results The survey results indicated that vaccination rate of five strengthen immunization programs was less than 90 %.And the awareness rate of the vaccination knowledge was less than 60%. Conclusion It is essential to paying serious attention to the immunization assignment and taking a series of measures to enhancing the immunization coverage of left-behind children and vaccination knowledge awareness of the guardian of left-behind children.
[Key words] Left-behind child; Vaccination; Strategy
留守兒童是指其父母一方或雙方在外打工而被留在家鄉,并由長輩、親戚、朋友或鄰居等代為照看,年齡在16歲以下的孩子[1]。灣里區是個經濟欠發達地區,全區八萬余人,每年外出務工的人數高達2萬余人。近幾年通過對轄區內的留守兒童調查摸底,該區0~7歲留守兒童占全區0~7歲兒童的20%左右。留守兒童大多由祖父母、外祖父母監護,而監護人年齡偏大,記憶力又差,文化水平不高,經常忘記帶兒童進行預防接種。當疫苗針對傳染病如麻疹、流腦等流行時,這些留守兒童易成為首發病例,并進一步傳染給他人,為傳染病的爆發和流行埋下隱患[2]。雖然近年來國家對留守兒童的生活、教育、心理等方面有較多的研究,但對如何提高留守兒童的身體健康、預防疾病等衛生問題少見報道[3],留守預防接種工作給當前免疫規劃工作提出了新的挑戰。……