[摘要] 19世紀60年代發(fā)現(xiàn)了腸道對葡萄糖具有調(diào)節(jié)作用。這種生理現(xiàn)象主要是由兩個被稱為“腸促胰素”的腸內(nèi)因子:胰高糖素樣肽-1(7-37)/(7-36)酰胺和葡萄糖依賴性促胰島素多肽(1-42)介導(dǎo)的。GLP-1與GLP-1受體的結(jié)合,刺激cAMP生成,增加葡萄糖依賴性胰島素分泌。研究還證明在體外人的胰島制備中,GLP-1介導(dǎo)β-細胞凋亡的減弱和胰島素反應(yīng)性增強。很明顯GLP-1/GLP-1受體軸是葡萄糖代謝的關(guān)鍵性生理調(diào)節(jié)器,因此GLP-1受體激動劑和DPP-4抑制劑成為治療糖尿病藥物研發(fā)的焦點。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腸促胰素效應(yīng);葡萄糖依賴性促胰島素多肽;胰高血糖素樣肽-1;GLP-1受體激動劑;二肽基肽酶-4抑制劑;糖尿病
[中圖分類號] R977.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 2095-0616(2012)21-58-02
Botanical and pharmaceutical research on glucagon-like peptide-1
LI Lei1 LI Li'an2
1.Outpatient Department, Art College of the PLA, Beijing 100081,China;2.Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853,China
[Abstract] The regulating effect of intestinal on glucose was found in 1960s.This physiologic phenomenon is primarily mediated by two enteric factors going by the name of the incretins: glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37)/(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (1-42). The combination of GLP-1 with GLP-1 receptor stimulates the production of cAMP and enhances the secretion of Glucose dependent insulin. It also demonstrates GLP-1 mediateds the attenuation of β-cell apoptosis and enhances the responsiveness of insulin in an ex vivo human islet preparation. It is clear the GLP-1/GLP-1 receptor axis is a key physiologic regulator of glucose metabolism. Therefore GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitor become the focus of reserch and development on diabetes drugs.
[Key words] Incretin effect;Gastric inhibitory polypeptide;Glucagon-like peptide-1;GLP-1 receptor agonists; Ddipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; Diabetes mellitus
腸促胰素(incretin)的發(fā)現(xiàn)開啟了糖尿病治療的新篇章,早在上世紀60年代,Mcintyre N等[1-2]發(fā)現(xiàn),口服葡萄糖對胰島素分泌的促進作用明顯高于靜脈注射,證明了腸道對葡萄糖的調(diào)節(jié)作用,提出了“腸促胰素效應(yīng)”(incretin effect)。而Perley等證實,這種“腸促胰素效應(yīng)”所產(chǎn)生的胰島素占進食后胰島素總量的50%以上。腸促胰素由兩種多肽組成。一種命名為葡萄糖依賴性促胰島素多肽(gastric inhibitory polypeptide,GIP)(1-42)。另一種為胰高血糖素樣多肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)。T2DM腸促胰島素效應(yīng)降低表現(xiàn)為對GIP的治療的抵抗[3]和進餐后GLP-1濃度升高幅度較正常人減小。而注射GLP-1引起強大的胰島素分泌反應(yīng)并使血糖正常化[4],因此GLP-1及其類似物可以作為2型糖尿病治療的一個重要靶點。本資料僅就GLP-1的生物學及有關(guān)的藥物研究做一下介紹。
1 GLP-1的生理作用
釋放進入血液循環(huán)的GLP-1直接作用于胰島,以葡萄糖濃度依賴性方式促進胰島β細胞分泌胰島素(insulin),主要通過以下幾方面發(fā)揮降糖作用。……