[摘要]目的 討論急診救治對骨盆骨折并發失血性休克患者的意義。 方法 回顧分析17例骨盆骨折并發失血性休克患者的臨床資料,對所有患者積極輸液輸血,在休克得到控制后采用Seldinger的改良技術,進行DSA造影,用明膠海綿進行動脈栓塞,栓塞后進行骨盆外固定、肢體外固定。 結果 2例發生彌漫性血管內凝血導致死亡,占11.8%;7例經緊急救治后好轉,占41.2%;8例經緊急救治后,發現局部皮膚、肌肉感染或壞死,其中2例盆腔臟器發生嚴重并發癥,經對癥治療后,延期好轉,占47.1%,總成功率為88.2%。 結論 發生骨盆骨折合并失血性休克后,進行緊急救治,輸液輸血,固定止血,對提高骨盆骨折生存質量,降低死亡率,是重要的措施。
[關鍵詞]骨盆骨折;失血性休克;急診
[中圖分類號] R683.3 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616(2012)21-180-02
Emergency treatment experience of pelvic fracture with hemorrhagic shock
CHEN Peng
Department of Emergency,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Yinchuan 750011,China
[Abstract] Objective To explore emergency treatment significance of pelvic fracture patients with hemorrhagic shock. Methods Retrospectively analyzed 17 cases of pelvic fracture with hemorrhagic shock,all of the patients were treated by blood transfusion,used seldinger improved technology after shock had been controlled,DSA ??imaging,artery embolization with gelatin sponge,and after embolization,did pelvic external fixation,limb external fixation. Results Disseminated intravascular coagulation lead to 2 deaths,accounted for 11.8%;7 cases had improved after emergency treatment,accounted for 41.2%;8 cases were found local skin,muscle infection or necrosis after emergency treatment,2 cases' pelvic organs happened serious complications,after symptomatic treatment,the patients had delayed upturn,accounted for 47.1%. The total success rate was 88.2%. Conclusion After the pelvic fracture with hemorrhagic shock happened,emergency treatment,blood transfusion,fixed stop bleeding are important measures in improving pelvic fracture life quality,and reducing mortality.
[Key words] Pelvic fracture;Hemorrhagic shock;Emergency
骨盆骨折一般由高處墜落直接挫傷骨盆而導致,在交通事故和施工中比較多見,因為骨盆骨折的碎骨刺傷髂內血管而大失血,救治不及時造成失血性休克,骨盆骨折并發失血性休克是造成死亡的直接原因,占死亡率的69%[1],救治生命的關鍵在于怎樣在第一有效時間及時、有效的止血。現回顧17例骨盆骨折并發失血性休克的患者的救治過程,報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2009年10月~2012年4月,收集筆者所在醫院急診科收治的17例骨盆骨折并發失血性休克的患者,其中男11例,女6例;年齡14~64歲,平均(30.2±13.2)歲;其中交通事故損傷10例,高空墜落傷6例,重物砸傷1例;入院時間最長者21 h,最短13 min,平均入院時間(6.1±0.5) h;入院時血壓為37~79/25~62 mm Hg,平均(48±2)~(34±1)mm Hg;……