英語書面表達往往要經過認真審題、擬出表達要點、根據要點擴展成文、修改檢查這幾個步驟才能完成。而修改檢查是寫好一篇文章、提高表達質量、取得高分的關鍵。那么,在書面表達時,我們如何進行修改檢查呢?
一、修改
在書面表達中,對一篇文章的修改,我們應注意以下幾個方面。
1.恰當使用同義詞或近義詞,避免因詞語的重復使用而造成的文章表達的單一性
請看下面一段描寫與他人聯系方式及接受新聞信息的今昔對比文字:
Over the past twenty years or so,great changes have taken place in our life. Take my family for example. My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past,but now we get in touch with them by telephone at home. And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information,now we watched the news and other programs on TV instead.
以上一小段文字中,在表達“聯系”時用了contact與get in touch with、“過去”用了in the past與once、“但是”用了but與instead,從而避免了單詞的前后重復使用,使得句子的表達靈活多變,且無煩瑣之感。
2.適當增加修飾語句,使得句子的表達有血有肉,更加豐滿,避免句子表達的枯燥、干癟
請看下面一組描寫住房條件的今昔對比的句子:
(1)About twenty years ago,my parents lived in a small room,but now we have moved into a large house.
(2)When they got married about twenty years ago,my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture,but now we have moved into a large new three-room apartment.
比較之下,第(2)句無論在句子結構上,還是在語句的修飾方面,顯然比第(1)句更自如、更有文采。
3.刪除冗余詞語,使句子顯得更簡潔、利落
有些考生在進行書面表達時,擔心文章的詞數不足,便刻意在句中增加一些修飾成分。這樣,反而適得其反,會大大影響文章的表達效果。體會一下下面的一段文字,看看刪除了括號中的詞語以后,是否給人一種要言不煩、簡潔流暢的感覺呢?
When they got married about twenty years ago,my parents lived in a small room(and it was )crowded with furniture,but now we have moved into a large new three-room apartment (in a new building).In short,changes (that have taken place)in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
4.適當轉換句式,使句子結構長短交錯,生動活潑
例如:
(1)Mike doesn’t like swimming in summer, and his brother doesn’t like swimming,either.
可轉換成:Mike doesn’t like swimming in summer, and neither does his brother.(倒裝句)
(2)We should do something to prevent such a mistake from being made again.
可轉換成:Something should be done to prevent such a mistake from being made again.(被動結構)
以上兩句通過轉換,意義沒變,但表達效果大不相同。
5.盡量運用高級詞匯或句式,來增加文章表達文采,提高文章得分檔次
高級詞匯的選擇主要體現在用高中所學詞匯來代替初中所學詞匯,用書面語詞匯來代替口語詞匯,并能運用課本外所掌握詞匯來代替課本中所學詞匯。高級句式主要是指分詞、定語從句、介詞短語、省略句、修飾性狀語等。請體會一下下面幾個句子中的劃線部分被句后括號中的詞匯或句式替代后的效果。
例如:
(1)I’m writing to tell you something about a flat for you. (inform you of )
(2)The bathroom and the kitchen are very good.(well furnished)
(3)The flat has an area of 25 square meters and has a bedroom,a bathroom and a kitchen. (with)
(4)The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street,and it is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (which)
(5)If you don’t like it,I can try and find another place for you. (not)
(6)When they got married about twenty years ago,my parents lived in a small room and it was crowded with furniture. (crowded或which was crowded)
(7)When he pointed to the policeman not far away,the young man explained. (Pointing to)
6.巧妙使用句子間的連接(過渡性)詞語,使全文結構嚴謹,層次清晰,過渡自然,表達更具有連貫性
連接(過渡性)詞語的使用是語言的連貫性得以實現的最重要的手段。在句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間恰當地使用一些承上啟下的連接(過渡性)詞語是非常必要的。請體會下面的兩小段文字中的連接(過渡性)詞語。
(1)In the bedroom,there is a bed,a sofa,a desk and a chair.The bathroom and the kitchen are well furnished. Moreover,Bus No. 11 can take you straight to the school. Actually,it’s only one stop way. Do you think you’ll like it?
(2)When they got married about twenty years ago,my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture,but now we have moved into a large new three-room apartment In short,changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.
二、檢查
一篇書面表達經過認真審題,擬出要點,再擴展修改成文后,檢查這一環節是不可缺少的。檢查時,我們應該注意以下幾個方面。
1.檢查文體格式、人稱、動詞時態是否符eMeAtJXp25NnTE5Ni3jjT4OY1dvNvAqAatfX10gtVpA=合寫作要求
正確的文體格式、人稱、動詞時態會給閱卷老師留下一個良好的印象,為提高文章的得分檔次打下基礎。
2.檢查所寫文章要點是否齊全,有無遺漏
按高考書面表達評分標準,每遺漏一個要點,要扣除2分,因此遺漏要點將會嚴重影響文章的得分。
3.檢查連接(過渡性)詞語的使用是否有誤
不同意義的連接(過渡性)詞語在句子間所起的作用也有所不同,我們在使用時千萬不能任意亂插亂用。只有準確使用,才能使得所寫文章更具有連貫性,否則,將會影響文章成績。
4.檢查標點符號、大小寫及單詞拼寫是否正確
在英語中,一般不使用冒號、書名號等標點符號,有些同學在寫信、留言條等文章開頭的稱呼時,常受漢語的影響,總是使用冒號,如“Dear Tom”,其實應該使用逗號;在寫書名時,用書名號,如《Oliver Twist》,其實,英文書名不需要用標點符號,僅大寫即可。另外,句子的首字母要大寫,單詞拼寫要正確,尤其是一些不規則動詞的過去式或過去分詞,要特別注意弄清。記住:高考書面表達評分標準規定,標點符號、字母的大小寫、單詞拼寫的錯誤,每三處扣1分。
5.檢查所寫文章總詞數是否符合要求
近年來,全國高考英語書面表達所要求考生寫作的總詞匯都是以150詞為要求,故考生在寫作時,一般不得少于130詞,或不得多于170詞。否則,按高考書面表達評分標準,要扣2分。
總之,在書面表達中,只要我們能嚴格按照寫作要求去做,準確把握寫作方法,掌握寫作技巧,就一定能寫出一篇好的文章。
參考文獻
[1] 王篤勤.英語教學策略論.北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2002.
[2] 教育部.普通高中英語課程標準(實驗).北京:人民教育出版社,2003.(責任編輯 郭振