近期,學生做了一篇閱讀理解,其中有一道題的錯因,讓我百思不得其解。該題的答案依據(jù)是:After graduating from college, Bourke-White headed towards Cleveland where she photographed the steel plants that were so widespread in that city. In the 1920s, American industry was increasing and the country was growing. 正確答案是:Bourke White的早期工作的重點是:American industry。但我班有40%的學生選擇:City scenes。 后來,在學生討論時,我聽到一位學生在翻譯這個句子時,把plant譯成了植物,而在本句中應理解為:工廠。此時我忽然頓悟了學生的錯因以及明白了在今后的教學中應該注意幫助學生積累 “一詞多義”。
同時,本人在新授單詞時,發(fā)現(xiàn)牛津高中英語2010年版羅列生詞的含義和2005年版有所不同。為此,我認真比較了兩個版本(共11模塊)的牛津高中英語教材,發(fā)現(xiàn)從羅列的生詞量上看,2010版的少了一些,但大約有251個詞,它們的含義在原有基礎上增加了1至3個或者是詞性也變多了。我們都知道,對于學生而言,擴大詞匯量是提高英語能力的一條必經(jīng)之路。現(xiàn)從新版看,我們可以看出高考英語在詞匯方面的新趨勢——注重一詞多義。
下面我羅列一些2010年版新增加含義的重要詞匯,希望對你們有幫助。
1.I attach great importance to this research. 認為—重要
2.His poetry is always accessible. 易理解的
3.I greatly acknowledge financial support from several local businesses. 感謝
4.They were forced to reach an accommodation with the rebels. 和解
5.She was abrupt with me in our meeting. 粗魯?shù)?/p>
6.She has a bent for mathematics. 天賦
She.seems bent on making life difficult for me. 一心想要(壞事情)
He was bent double with laughter.彎曲的
7.She stared at me with a blank expression on her face. 無表情的
8.Every point in this game counts. 重要
9.He is not entitled to claim unemployment benefit. 索取; 救濟金
10.I tried to argue but he countered that the plans were not yet finished. 反駁
11.There is always a strange collection of runners in London Marathon. 一批
12.The qualification has gained currency all over the world. 普遍認可
13.I offered to give them a lift but they declined. 婉言謝絕
14.He showed great discrimination in his choice of friends. 辨別力
15.It was a radical departure from tradition. 違反
16.Bake the cakes until they are firm to touch. 堅硬的
17.Her voice was flat and expressionless. 平淡的
18.The painting is expected to fetch $10000 at auction. 賣得
19.The path to the mountain is very gradual. 不陡的
20.She felt lighthearted and gay. 快樂的
21.We have cleared the first hurdle; let’s see what happened next. 障礙
22.She has got loads of friends. 許多
23.Lies are always lame. 無說服力的
24.Let’s consider the pluses and minuses of changing the system. 優(yōu)點和缺點
25.The research was carried out on a modest scale. 不太大的
26.He observed that he was not for the suggestion put forward at the meeting. 評論
27.He was personally criticized by inspectors for his incompetence. 個別地
28.He made it plain that we should leave. 清楚的
29.The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services. 一系列
30.His novel is still relevant today. 有意義
31.She is doing a course to sharpen her business skills. 提高
32.Their relationship was tolerated but not encouraged. 允許
33.The author skillfully draws together the different threads of the plot. 線索
34.He married a virtual stranger. 實際上的
35.I want to withdraw $250 please. 取
以上,只是教材中出現(xiàn)的部分重要詞匯,其實我們在平時的教學中還會碰到很多一詞多義的詞,尤其它會出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中,所以,我們應該掌握好一詞多義,這樣才能有助于閱讀理解能力的提高。
那么,在今后的教學中,我們到底應該如何幫助學生積累一詞多義呢?
首先,進行詞匯教學要“語境化”。書本后面羅列的生詞中,一個單詞有時有3個或4個意思,但在課文中僅僅用到了其中一個意思。為了幫助學生記住其他的含義,老師必須也要給出相應的語境(句子或短文),讓學生聯(lián)系一定的上下文來真正地掌握這個單詞的意思。在講解閱讀理解時,老師也要有意識地幫助學生歸納總結(jié)一詞多義的詞(例如:air樣子、神態(tài)),在拓展該詞的意思時,教師應該先給出相應的語境,然后讓學生在語境中猜測他們的各種含義,這樣便于學生記憶。
其次,改善詞匯檢測的方法。為了讓學生背誦得更好或者是更好地了解學生的背誦情況,老師都會采取默寫這一方法。一般來說,大多數(shù)老師默寫單詞的時候,可能給學生一個中文意思,讓他們寫英文,這樣的話,學生就不能牢記該詞的中文意思了,尤其是,一詞多義的詞。所以,老師以后在默寫時,可采取兩種方式相結(jié)合。如果你認為這個單詞必須要會寫,那么給中文意思,讓學生寫英文;如果這個單詞,有好幾種意思的,那么,給學生英文,讓學生必須把每一種意思都寫出來,這樣有助于擴大學生的詞匯量。
最后,開展課外活動激發(fā)學生的學習動力。要想提高教學效果,使學生能夠扎實掌握英語一詞多義的知識,就必須尋找調(diào)動學生積極性的辦法。例如:課前熱身。上課前3分鐘,老師把近幾天講到的一詞多義的詞,用PPT 展示出來,讓學生進行小組賽,激發(fā)他們的學習興趣和動力。還有,可以讓英語成績優(yōu)秀的學生,就關于多義詞理解談談學習心得等,真正實現(xiàn)課堂教學與課外教學的相互補充。
總之,詞匯是高中英語教學的重點和難點,是語言的三大要素之一,是交際的重要基礎,是語言的“建筑材料”。這種材料的好壞直接關系到“建筑質(zhì)量”問題。所以,作為一位高中英語教師,首先必須了解詞匯的重要性,其次關鍵的是要了解高考詞匯的變化,隨時了解高考的動態(tài),以便在接下來的教學中,調(diào)整好自己的教學方法和教學的重難點。
(作者單位:江蘇省海門市麒麟中學)