面對(duì)中考講解賓語(yǔ)從句必不可少的教學(xué)步驟

一 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從最基礎(chǔ)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)講起

教師應(yīng)該引領(lǐng)學(xué)生從最基礎(chǔ)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)講起，這樣才能令學(xué)生更好更系統(tǒng)地掌握英語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)從句。

第一，給出下列例句，提問(wèn)畫(huà)線部分在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

Do you know him? （代詞him可以作賓語(yǔ)）

Do you know the city?（名詞city可以作賓語(yǔ)）

Do you know where he is?（句子where it is可以作賓語(yǔ)）

再如：Can you guess how old he is?

She says she is from the US.

I don’t know whose the T-shirt is.

第二，引出賓語(yǔ)從句的概念，讓學(xué)生答出賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問(wèn)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋其他部分。

第三，讓學(xué)生練習(xí)尋找“主語(yǔ)”：

Who do you like best?（主語(yǔ)：you）

Who likes you best ?（主語(yǔ)：who，同時(shí)也是疑問(wèn)詞）

What can the children see?（主語(yǔ)：the children）

What is under the bed?（主語(yǔ)：what，同時(shí)也是疑問(wèn)詞）

讓學(xué)生圈出下列句中的主語(yǔ)：

How old is he?/ How much are the clothes?/ What time is it?/ What’s the time?/ What day is today?/ Who is the man?/ What’s in the box？

繼而呈現(xiàn)以下內(nèi)容：

例1：普通疑問(wèn)句：Where is Mary?（疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)）

賓語(yǔ)從句中的疑問(wèn)句：I don’t know where Mary is.（疑問(wèn)詞做主語(yǔ)）

布置練習(xí)：

（1）I really don’t know .

A．how old he is B．how old is he

（2）Can you think ?

A．why her teacher is sad B．why is her teacher sad

（3）I don’t know .

A．what day is today B．what day today is

（4）Can you tell us ?

A．what the time is B．what is the time

二 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題

首先，展示多選例題。

例2：She says Bill Gates .

A．will come tomorrow B．is coming tomorrow

C．came yesterday. D．comes every day

E．was playing computer at 9：00 F. has come

分析：學(xué)生很容易選D，他們認(rèn)為，凡是賓語(yǔ)從句前后時(shí)態(tài)都必須一致。但是，正確答案應(yīng)為ABCDEF。

其次，介紹重要概念。即：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句可能出現(xiàn)任何時(shí)態(tài)。給出主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句，讓學(xué)生回答。例如：

（1）She said she her grandparents every Sunday.

A．saw B．sees

（2）She said she for Japan by air the next day.

A．will leave B．would leave

（3）A：——Your mother is waiting for you.

B：——I beg your pardon?

A：——I said your mother for you .

A．is waiting B．was waiting

（4）Mr Baker didn’t tell us if he come .

A．could B．can

最后，總結(jié)概念。當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

三 給出特例

盡人皆知的普遍現(xiàn)象、自然規(guī)律和客觀真理，永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

When I was a child I knew that the sun in the east.

A．comes B．came

My teacher said China in the east of Asia.

A．is B．was

Tom told us sheep grass.

A．a(chǎn)te B．eat

The teacher told us there seven days in a week.

A．were B．a(chǎn)re

She told us light faster than sound .

A．went B．goes

四 呈現(xiàn)綜合試題，檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)效果

試題1：She didn’t tell us .

A．what does she do B．what she does

C．what did she do D．what she did

試題2：Sarah asked us .

A．what day is today B．what day was today

C．what day was today D．what day today was

試題3：He didn’t tell us .——Oh，I know. He is reporter.

A．what did he do B．what he did

C．what does he do D．what he does

試題4：What did Mike say? He said .

A．if you are free the next week

B．what colour was it

C．the weather is fine

D．summer comes after spring

試題5：My friend wanted to know with his new cat.

A．what wrong is B．what is wrong

C．what wrong was D．what was wrong

關(guān)于確定疑問(wèn)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句試題：

He asked me I was interested in music .

A．if B．/ C．that D．which

學(xué)生很容易選成C，that，認(rèn)為that可以連接從句。如果把that放到句中讀一讀會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)根本不是“ask me”的內(nèi)容，

因此不通順，屬于病句。答案：if（是否）

改錯(cuò)：——Could you tell me who the girl is？

——She is a doctor .

學(xué)生會(huì)看出問(wèn)句中的who出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榇鹫Z(yǔ)：She is a doctor. 是回答職業(yè)，因此問(wèn)句中疑問(wèn)詞不是who，而應(yīng)為what這一點(diǎn)，許多同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)槭軡h語(yǔ)影響而答錯(cuò)。

五 結(jié)束語(yǔ)

綜上所述，賓語(yǔ)從句是中考考查的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)，掌握好賓語(yǔ)從句的重要性不言而喻。教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí)，應(yīng)該從簡(jiǎn)單句式入手，幫他們總結(jié)、歸納，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，讓學(xué)生做到考慮周全、不盲目下筆，從而答好關(guān)于賓語(yǔ)從句的各種試題。

〔責(zé)任編輯：陳晨〕