The mechanism of enterprise-university-esearch institute binding to promote higher education and protection measures

Abstract： The Mechanism of Enterprise-university-research institute (EURI) Binding is a market-oriented strategic alliance as the government and industry associations and intermediary organs for auxiliary forces complement， in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises， universities and research institutes. It is the advanced development of enterprise-university-research institute binding cooperation. The development of technology and social economy continue to offer new challenges for higher education. Under this situation， many universities in Tianjin area actively develop their superiority and cooperate with enterprise and research department， trying their best to explore various enterprise-university-research institute binding ways to quicken the pace of technology innovation and transfer in order to make the school's track wider and wider. According to the situation of Tianjin area， this text introduces the cases of mechanism of enterprise-university-research binding about this area’s universities and comes up with safeguard measures on the base of analyzing other areas’ mechanism of enterprise-university-research institute binding， combining with educational economy and management theory.

Keywords： Higher Education； Enterprise-university-research institute Binding； Mechanism； Safeguard Measure

1.Introduction for EURI Cooperation

The development history of the mechanism of EURI institute binding in China can be traced back to the 1990s early. The state economic and trade commission， the state education commission and Chinese Academy of Sciences departments jointly organize and implement “Project of Joint Development of EURI”[1]. So far， the mechanism of EURI binding is paid gradually by the government，universities and research institutes to attention and obtained a rapid development. According to the different standards， we can divide the mechanism of EURI binding into the different categories from different perspective，government domination， enterprise domination，university domination and research institutes domination，

1.1 The EURI Cooperation Model of Government Domination

“The government dominated EURI cooperative mode is divided into the government instructing cooperative mode and the government promoted cooperative mode. The former is a overall cooperative pattern under the planned economy system，combination direct instructed by government formed the parties； The latter is that a government provide financial and tax policies and market-oriented services， (such as issuing scientific research plan， providing intermediary service)， enterprises， universities and research institutions actively participate in it，and the government is in the leading role.” [2]

(1) The EURI Cooperation Model of Government’s Directive Type

In the planned economy system period， for promoting industrial (mainly heavy industry) and the progress of science and technology，the government directly instructs enterprises，universities and research institutes to unite for resolving technical difficult problems. In this mode，the government is the real subject，decided to the distribution mode of cooperation produce income， formulated performance evaluation rules and assumed all the risk. Enterprises， universities and research institute just the task executive subject， no productive and scientific autonomy and no free to select the partner and the degree of interaction between subjects are faint.

This mode led to the development of science and technology； cultivate a large number of socialist construction personnel. More importantly， the pattern is the first time in our country， is the beginning of model manufacture-learning-research cooperation mode. Now，a variety of coexisting cooperation mode is generated and developed on this basis.

(2）The EURI Cooperation Model of Government-Propelled Type

The government promoted enterprise-university-institute cooperation mode also called the government advocacy enterprise-university-institute cooperation mode.It is that according to the national economy and social development needs， the government issues cooperative projects and plans， organizes large-scale enterprise-university-institute cooperative action， to solve the major problems or key issues of the scientific， technological and economic development.

Cooperative project fully considers the international science and technology development trend and China's long-term economic development needs， mostly belongs to high risk，high investment public or sophisticated scientific research projects， with type high starting point and strongly comprehensive characteristic， needs interdisciplinary， multi-disciplinary， cross colleges union to tackle key problems. Generally， by the government building a platform， financial capital investment， attract investment or raise money through channels to introduce the money for providing initial outlay.

In this mode，the government is in the leading position，responsible for overall decision-making command，coordinated management，supervision and evaluation，information exchanges and intermediary service，etc. Participate in the enterprise-university-institute cooperation relationship between different subjects relatively tightly，universities and research institutes play a central role with the scientific research ability and enterprises actively response and participate in it.

1.2 The EURI Cooperation Model of Enterprise Leading

Enterprise dominated enterprise-university-institute cooperation mode is divided into enterprise independent research and development mode and enterprise cooperation development mode. The former is activities of enterprise independent innovation，with its advanced equipment，strong financial and accurately grasping the market's direction，promoting their own research and development ability and comprehensive strength. The latter is the enterprise and university (or research institutes) cooperative through entrust development， cooperative development and build research institutions and other forms. In this mode，the enterprise is in the leading position，and decided to research content， form and range，and bear corresponding development and achievements risk. University (or research institutes) provides technical support，consultation and service for the enterprise.

1.3 The IURC Cooperation Model of University Domination

“More and more universities develop from originally single teaching functions to teaching (personnel training)，scientific research and technology radiation (scientific research) and social service and many functions.”3]University with its knowledge，technology and talent advantages provides core technology and technology transfer，patent sold，hi-tech innovation base，university science and other forms of technology，better realize the industrialization technology innovation of social values. In this mode，the university is in the leading position，and decided to research contents；close degree of relation between partners and cooperation，enjoy the advantages in terms of distribution of interests，and independently bear research and development risk.

2.The Current Situation of EURI in Tianjin Higher Education

2.1 Remarkable Achievement of EURI Cooperation

In recent years，in Tianjin region enterprise， university and institute cooperate to produce much remarkable achievement with project as link. In this period，the completed projects not only are recognized by Tianjin，but also won the national recognition. In 2009 annual national conference on science and technology awards，Tianjin has eleven projects obtaining the national science and technology awards. It shows the overall level of Tianjin science and technology strength.

2.2 Diversification Form of Cooperation between Colleges and Enterprises

According to statistics， Tianjin university’s number is 40 more，including Nankai University，Tianjin University，Tianjin Polytechnic University and other national famous universities. Between university and enterprise keeps good relationship and diversifying cooperation forms.

(1) Assistantship and Scholarship was Established in Universities by Enterprise：For example，Japanese Toyota Company set up the Toyota scholarship in Tianjin University. Through setting up a variety of scholarships and grants，enterprise helps poor university students to finish their studies. Meanwhile，it further strengthens e university-enterprise cooperation，promotes their enterprise culture and builds good enterprise image， which attract more outstanding graduates to enter the company.

(2)Two-Way Interchange of School-Enterprise Personnel：Enterprise will hire college professors in the enterprise appointed senior consultants， and universities will also employ enterprise senior technicians and senior management personnel as college part-time jobs， etc.

(3)Science Park of University was Established for technical services of enterprises：Tianjin university science park is Tianjin economic and technological development zone and Tianjin university national university science common construction，established in 1999，October 11 December 3，1999，by state ministry and approved by the ministry of education，Tianjin university science park became national first 15 university science one pilot unit，but also the city only state-level university science and technology park. Big goal is science built first-class technical innovation base， high-tech enterprise incubation bases，innovation and pioneering talents gathered and cultivation base， high-tech industrial radiation base. Big is completed， will become science technology industry development in regional economy radiation centre，becomes the international famous enterprise research institutions， innovative incubation enterprise compounds，become the Binhai new area of Tianjin and development in our country，with independent intellectual property rights of the technology industry is one of the important source.

3.The Cooperation Method of IURC in Tianjin Higher Education

3.1 Setting Motivation Mechanism of Mutual Benefit and Complementary Advantages

“The education of enterprise-university-research cooperation is the demand of economic and social development and is the demand of the enterprise and school development. The talents restrict the development of the enterprise. But these talents are cultivated by the education of enterprise-university-research cooperation. So，the relationship of the demand is the premise of the cooperation.”[4]In the system of the enterprise-university-research cooperation， enterprises，universities and students are three main parts，constituting the three pairs of mutual relations of resources elements between demand and supply. The essence is a kind of interest. Enterprises need schools to provide the support of human resources. Students need knowledge acquisition and suitable jobs. Universities should establish a benign mechanism of development. In the process of realizing their own value targets，three main parts service other subject each other. Mutual interest exists different，but can do reciprocity， complement，fully respect the three interests.

The dynamic mechanism of enterprise-university-research cooperation based on it is the key to successful cooperation. But throughout the present situation， only the school party for the employment pressure has enough power，while the other two sides，especially the enterprise，are the demand side of the employment in the labor market. So，under the condition of the lack of power，they are short of enough power. In conclusion， the existing mechanism of enterprise-university-research cooperation does not enter benign circulation. As passive party， colleges must grasp the initiative in education system.

3.2 The Option of Operation Mode for EURI Cooperation

On the premise of fully improving the understanding， the university should actively strengthen the contact with the enterprise，because in the personnel training， the university has always in the initiative. The initiative university still may not get enterprise's response. If passive，the enterprise has less (or even no) sought to unite the university to run.

“In the education of enterprise-university-research cooperation normal running，the enterprise must participate in the process of the education. The process is from the training target plans to graduation reply. The enterprise can realize that the training talent plays a important role.”

“Education will want to be able to cooperation， must let the normal operation of the enterprise always involved in education from the whole process of training goal，i.e.formulated to ensure the whole process of graduation reply，let enterprises realize they are the indispensable important talent cultivation role.”[5]

Because each university characteristics are different，according to actual situation，the cooperative relationship between university and enterprise should carry on the different forms，different levels and different characteristics of cooperation. According to the depth by cooperation level division，the form of the university-enterprise cooperation can divided into three levels： the first is shallow cooperation. The university determines professional direction by the demand of the enterprise and establishes practice base and professional guidance committee.The university invites industry experts and senior technician as guidance committee number and signs professional practice agreement with the relative enterprise，gradually forming the cooperative body. The second is the middle cooperation.The university provides consulting， training service for the enterprise，building horizontal union，building the board of directors，forming multi-investment body，struggling domestic and foreign entrepreneurs，experts，scholars and social celebrities from all walks of life to attend the board of directors and social each related industry， enterprise and business as director unit to support the development of the university. And building a professional guidance committee formulates a feasible teaching plan. According to the classification of post group， the professional ability structure and general ability quality group requirements are determined. According to the enterprise needs carry on the cultivation of talents. The third is the deep cooperation. Enterprise and school permeate each other. The university sets science research and economic research direction for the development demand of the enterprise and transforms research achievement into crafting skills. Products and business decision are materialized and overall benefits are improved. Enterprise also voluntarily invests university and establishes benefit sharing，true realizing \"teaching- research-develop\" union. University provides several of technical and management for the economic development of Tianjin region. In this process， university can obtain first-hand information about related local economic development and demand， providing cases for classroom teaching and relating organic combining theory with practice.

3.3Establishment Education Guarantee Mechanism for EURI Cooperation

At this point，we agree with that both university and enterprise establish a management institution of “triple double”model in charge of handling problems about university and enterprise cooperation. Determining university talent training direction is the fundamental purpose of setting expert guidance committee. The committee has a special article，clear specification， responsibilities and obligations，regularly and non-regularly activities. It discusses and participates in the university’s important teaching and reforming plan，helps identifying professional development and adjustment and determines specialized teaching plan. The cooperation of enterprise-university-research cooperation committee member provides teaching facilities and practice place for university，raises the student good professional ethics and skilled professional skills，improves their professional post adaptability，feedbacks the evaluation of trains，hires qualified graduates and earlier realized the transformation of “student-employee.”Thus，they have positive guidance to student's employment.

注釋：

[1]Ministry of Education http：//www.moe.edu.cn/.

[2]Zhang Xuerong， Ma Weiyuan.Twelve speak Chinese Education.

[3]Liang longjiang.Into the construction of Binhai New Area Strengthen research cooperation，“ Education Reform and Practice”.

[4]Zeng Xianjun，Liu Xinxin.Necessity of Mechanism of Enterprise-university-institute Binding， Chongqing University (Social Sciences) No.3 2006.

[5]Wang Peiying， Zhang Shiquan. On the \"Mechanism of Enterprise-university-institute Binding \" a combination of the way of educating people， Study of College Education， No.2 2000.