浦麗紅
[教材分析]
牛津高中英語模塊六Unit 3和Unit 4語法是關于虛擬語氣的講解,Unit 3是if虛擬條件從句的三種基本用法,即:與現在事實相反的虛擬;與過去事實相反的虛擬;與將來事實相反的虛擬。Unit 4是虛擬語氣幾種特殊用法,比如:混合虛擬條件句;wish和would rather后賓語從句中的虛擬;as if,as though,even if,if only等引導的狀語從句中的虛擬;otherwise,with,without,but for等詞或詞組引導含蓄條件,主句中的虛擬。假設用一節課四十五分鐘學習一個單元的語法,內容會比較單薄,綜合兩單元內容比較恰當。
[教學目標]
1.知識目標:通過學習兩單元語法內容,了解虛擬語氣中的動詞形式,掌握虛擬語氣的各種用法。
2.能力目標:通過學習,達到如何使用虛擬語氣提出建議及用虛擬語氣表述自己還沒有實現的愿望的目標。
3.情感、態度價值觀目標:通過欣賞英文詩歌學習虛擬語氣,促使學生感受到英語的美、學習英語的快樂,感受到枯燥語法也能輕松學習。
[教學重點]
虛擬語氣各種形式。
[教學難點]
如何準確運用虛擬語氣各種形式。
[教學過程]
Step Ⅰ:Lead in-enjoy the first poem
Ask students to read the following poem and translate it into Chinese.
If you were a teardrop;In my eye,
For fear of losing you,I would never cry
And if the golden sun,Should cease to shine its light,
Just one smile from you,Would make my whole world bright
如果你是我眼里的一滴淚;為了不失去你;我將永不哭泣;
如果金色的陽光停止了它耀眼的光芒;
你的一個微笑將照亮我的整個世界。
設計意圖:
(1)讓學生朗讀并翻譯如此美妙的詩歌,激起他們學習興趣:這首詩歌和今天要學習的語法有什么相關聯的?引導他們集中注意力,認真跟隨老師的節奏繼續學習。
(2)老師講解:事實上“你”永遠不可能是“我”眼睛里的一滴淚,金色的太陽也永遠不會停止照耀,而要表達這種假設或主觀愿望,在英語中我們使用虛擬虛擬語氣。
Step Ⅱ:Three basic forms of unreal conditionals
Ask students to read the first three points on page 40 to find out in what cases the unreal conditionals are used.Ask them to pay attention to the tenses used in the examples under the three points.
1.We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is real or is imaginary.
2.We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.
3.We use the unreal future conditioals to talk about imaginary future situation.
設計意圖:讓學生自己探究學習,了解虛擬語氣三種基本情況,并歸納出三種形式,即:
Present If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...
Past If...had been/done...,would/could/might have done...
Future If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...
Step Ⅲ:Practice
Rewrite the sentences using unreal conditionals.
1.Im not a teacher,so I wont tell my students to watch some English films and programmes.
2.The picnic wont be ruined because it doesnt rain tomorrow.
3.I wont get married in the USA,so I wont expect a present.
4.Since you didnt join the chat room ten minutes ago,you dont know what we were talking about.
設計意圖:使學生進一步熟悉三種基本結構。
Step Ⅳ:Further study-enjoy the second poem
Ask students to read the poem and pay attention to another form of unreal conditional in the future situation.
How should we like it were stars to burn,
倘若群星燃燒著關懷我們的激情,
With a passion for us we could not return?
我們卻無法回報,我們作何感想?
Were all stars to disappear or die,
倘若所有的星星消失或者消亡,
I should learn to look at an empty sky.
我應該學會仰望空蕩的天空,
設計意圖:用第二首詩歌引出虛擬語氣的一個特殊情況:當與將來事實相反時,從句動詞形式可以是were to/should do,并且if可省略,把were或should移到句首,進行倒裝。
StepⅤ:Consolidation
Ask students to read sentences and a short passage on page 41 in the text book and rewite them.
設計意圖:使學生熟練使用虛擬語氣中的倒裝用法。
Step Ⅵ:Enjoying the third poem
Show students the third poem asking them to find out why here unreal conditionals should be used.
Without you?Id be a soul without a purpose.
Without you?Id be an emotion without a heart.
Im a face without expression,A heart with no heat.
Without you by my side,Im just a flame without the heat.
沒有你?我將是一個沒有目的的靈魂;
沒有你?我的情感將沒有了根基;
我將是一張沒有表情的臉;一顆停止跳動的心;
沒有你在我身邊;我只是一束沒有熱量的火焰。
設計意圖:調節課堂氣氛,避免通常語法課沉悶的以致使人昏昏欲睡的現象;引出虛擬語氣第二種特殊情況:朗讀完這首詩歌,學生需要自己找出這里使用虛擬語氣的原因。他們發現沒有if條件狀語從句,但有without短語隱藏含蓄條件,主句也應該使用虛擬語氣。同時提醒學生虛擬語氣的用法并不是單一地、直接地用一般結構套用就可以的,它有許多特殊情況。
Step Ⅶ:Four special points
Ask students to read four points on page 56 and find out some rules of using unreal conditionals.Do Part A and Part B on page 57.
設計意圖:讓學生了解書本上虛擬語氣的四種特殊情況,即:混合虛擬;隱含含蓄條件的虛擬;wish/would rather后賓語從句中的虛擬;as if/as though等引導的狀語從句的虛擬。
做Part A和Part B兩個練習,可使學生對新學知識進行鞏固。
StepⅧ:Homework
Read the three poems more than twice and finish C1 and C2 on page 116,C1 and C2 on page 125 which are related to unreal conditionals.
[板書設計]
Unreal conditionals:
Present If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...
Past If...had been/done...,would/could/might have done...
Future If...was/were/did...,would/could/might do...
Other cases:
1.Were...to do .../Should...do...,...would/could/might do...
Had...done...,would/could/might have done...
2.mixed conditionals
3.implied conditionals:with/without/but for/otherwise/or
4.as if/as though/if only
5.wish/would rather...did(與現在事實相反)
had done(與過去事實相反)
would/could/might do(與將來事實相反)
[教學反思]
學生懼怕學習英語,究其原因是他們覺得不容易掌握英語語言規則,不像數學、物理和化學有固定的公式可以套用。在語法面前學生往往感到束手無策,因為它枯燥乏味,變化多端,不是一成不變的。英語中的虛擬語氣就是典型的例子。
一名稱職的高中英語教師,在語法教學方面必須具有扎實功底。若輕松地教,學生愉快地學,靈活地運用,幫助學生跨過語法方面的一道道坎,學生自然會對英語產生興趣,繼而提高英語學習的能力。
牛津高中英語模塊六高二上學期Unit 3和Unit 4的語法是關于虛擬語氣的,我把此內容定為全市公開課的教學內容。書本上的要點很多,為使學生系統完整地學習這一語法,為使自己的課與眾不同,我把兩單元的內容結合在一起,憑借積累的教學經驗,以“三”加“三”的形式把它們歸納總結,運用“探究式”語法教學方式進行教學,以詩歌為例,把虛擬語氣語法教學串聯起來,賦予語法課文化的品位,使學生不僅形象地了解語法,而且體驗到英語語言之美,更得到一次文學熏陶。
例1:
If you were a teardrop;In my eye,
For fear of losing you,I would never cry
And if the golden sun,Should cease to shine its light,
Just one smile from you,Would make my whole world bright
如果你是我眼里的一滴淚;為了不失去你;我將永不哭泣;
如果金色的陽光停止了它耀眼的光芒;
你的一個微笑將照亮我的整個世界。
例2:
How should we like it were stars to burn,
倘若群星燃燒著關懷我們的激情,
With a passion for us we could not return?
我們卻無法回報,我們作何感想?
Were all stars to disappear or die,
倘若所有的星星消失或者消亡,
I should learn to look at an empty sky.
我應該學會仰望空蕩的天空,
例3:
Without you?Id be a soul without a purpose.
Without you?Id be an emotion without a heart.
Im a face without expression,A heart with no beat.
Without you by my side,Im just a flame without the heat.
沒有你?我將是一個沒有目的的靈魂;
沒有你?我的情感將沒有了根基;
我將是一張沒有表情的臉;一顆停止跳動的心;
沒有你在我身邊;我只是一束沒有熱量的火焰。
華美的語句,貼切的意境,對于這樣的語法課,學生怎能不感興趣,從課堂氣氛來看,學生很接受這樣的課,從學生接下來所做的練習來看,他們掌握的非常好,運用起來非常得心應手。
公開課是一次展現自我的機會,是同行交流探討的一個很好的載體,更是對自己教學能力的一次錘煉。從教這么多年我還沒有聽過一節語法教學公開課,因為老師們都覺得它是個“燙山芋”,語法教學課堂氣氛怎能活躍起來?語法教學怎能不啰哩啰唆?語法教學成為躲在閨房里的小姐,怎能大家觀賞?
華東師范大學王斌華教授對我這節課的評價是:學習英語虛擬語氣時,學生難以從母語中找到借鑒,因而會感到比較陌生。授課教師巧妙地引用三首詩歌來創設學習的情境,令人耳目一新。詩歌優美的韻律營造了一種愉悅的學習氛圍,同時詩歌中激情而夸張的語言又讓學生深刻地領會到了虛擬語氣的語境和獨特的表示方法,收到了事半功倍的效果。