名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨立分句。名詞性從句與定語從句一樣是高考的重頭戲,一直受高考出題者青睞。筆者對此進行了易錯點歸類,并做了剖析。
一、名詞性從句中that與what的誤用
連詞that在名詞性從句中不做成分,只起連接主從句的作用;What在名詞性從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等,并起連接主從句的作用。
【真題回放】
1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(2010 北京,33)
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
解析:B。本題考查主語從句,從句中謂語動詞regard后面缺少賓語,應用what作賓語并引導從句。
二、引導詞whoever與who的區別
Whoever在名詞性從句中翻譯成“……的人”,強調的是人相當于anyone who;而who則翻譯成“誰”,強調的是事。
【真題回放】
1.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?(2009全國I,24)
A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever
解析:C。本題考查賓語從句,根據句意應該是跟人交談,故排除B、D兩項;又因為強調的是“……的人”而不是“誰”,所以選whoever在此相當于anyone who。
三、名詞性從句中whether和if的異同
Whether和if在名詞性從句中譯為“是否”,if只引導賓語從句,并且是動詞后的賓語從句,而whether可引導各種名詞性從句。
【真題回放】
1.We haven’t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.(2006江蘇,35)
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
解析:C。根據句意排除B、D兩項。介詞of后面跟賓語從句時,只用whether,不用if。
四、名詞性從句的幾個難點
1.that通常不可省略的情況
(1)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,that都不可省;
(2)當一個句子有兩個或多個并列的賓語從句時,引導第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略。
2.Wh-ever與no matter wh-的用法區別
Wh-ever既可引導名詞性從句,又可引導讓步狀語從句,而no matter wh-只引導讓步狀語從句。如:
(1)Whatever I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.
=No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.
無論我說什么,他都不會聽我的。(讓步狀語從句)
(2)He would believe whatever I said.
我說什么他都信。(賓語從句)
3.連詞that引導的同位語從句與關系代詞that引導的定語從句的區別
連詞that引導同位語從句時,應在某些抽象名詞之后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought等,對前面的名詞起內容解釋和說明的作用,連詞that只起引導同位語從句的作用,在從句中不擔當任何成分,因此that引導的同位語從句是完整的,不缺任何成分。
關系代詞that引導定語從句時,關系代詞that一方面起引導定語從句的作用,另一方面,that在定語從句中擔當主語、賓語或表語,因此,that引導的定語從句是殘缺的。如:
(1)The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位語從句,不缺任何成分)
(2)The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.(定語從句,缺少賓語)
名詞性從句綜合檢測題:
1.As a new graduate,he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.(2010天津,14)
A. how B. what C. when D. which
2.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(2010陜西,18)
A. which B. what C. that D. if
3.Before the sales start,I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.(2010山東,26)
A. why B. what C. how D. which
4.We should consider the students’request the school library provide more books on popular science.(2009重慶,31)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
5.—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport
—No problem.(2009浙江,12)
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
6.People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.(08重慶)
A. that B. which C. what D. how
7. was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(2008山東)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
8.When asked they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.(2008湖南卷)
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
9.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.(2008北京卷)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
10.You can only be sure of you have at present;you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.[2007 安徽卷]
A. that;what B. what;/ C. which; that D. /; that
Keys:
1—5 BCBAB 6—10 CCCCB