高考中one、ones、that、those的用法

英語中，one、ones、that、those常用作代詞，指代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞以避免重復(fù)，確保句子的簡潔。這些詞的一些用法非常相似，下面就對它們的異同進行分類說明。

一 One、ones、that、those的類似用法

第一，one用來指代“同名異物”的可數(shù)名詞單詞。例如：（1）——Do you have a car? ——Yes，I have one. I have a good one.（one＝a car）（2）Yesterday I have lost my pen. I’m going to buy one after school.（one＝a pen）（3）The story he told us was more interesing than the one we heard yesterday.（the one＝the story）

第二，ones用來指代“同名異物”的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（1）——Do you want a toy?——Yes，I want new ones very much.（ones＝toys）（2）Stone bridges last longer than wooden ones.（ones＝bridges）（3）Teachers like the students working hard，especially the ones who are active in thinking.（the ones＝the students）

第三，that用來指代“同名異物”的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。例如：（1）The engine of your car is better than that of mine.（that＝the engine）（2）The book you bought yesterday costs less than that I had bought before.（that＝the book）

第四，those用來指代“同名異物”的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（1）The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.（those＝the houses）（2）The bikes made in China are as good as those made in USA.（those＝the bikes）

二 One、ones、that、those的區(qū)別

第一，一般來講，one代表前面有不定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，that代表前面有定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；ones代表前面無定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（前面總帶有形容詞作定語，不能單獨使用），those代表前面有定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（1）This is a point of idiom rather than one of grammar.（one＝a point）（2）A cake made of wheat tastes better than one made of rice.（one＝a cake）（3）I prefer the classroom with enough light rather than that with little light.（that＝the classroom）（4）The school where my brother is studying is larger than that where I am studying.（that＝the school）

第二，one或ones的定語既可以放在其前面，也可以放在其后面；that或those的定語只能放在其后面。例如：（1）He has got a new storybook，but I have got several old ones.（2）This book is one that is needed by everyone.

第三，如果在one或ones前面加上定冠詞the分別來代表可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，定語又在其后，這時的the one或ones基本上可以分別與that或those互換。例如：（1）The singer from Shanghai sang better in the concert than the one/that from Beijing.（2）She likes the car of herself，not the one/that of her husband.

〔責任編輯：高照〕