摘 要:近年來中考閱讀理解的分值逐漸提升,其中回答問題多以兩分題出現并要求分層。因此,在復習階段對該題型進行細致地歸納和復習,可以幫助學生順利完成該題的解答,本文就該題型進行了較為細致的分類并進行了方法指導。
關鍵詞:中考;閱讀理解;解題技巧
回答問題是中考閱讀部分的一個常見題型,旨在考查學生的閱讀能力并要求分層。題型涵蓋了初中學段的各種問題類型,比重約占閱讀理解的30%。因此,在專項閱讀復習時需要詳細分類,使學生對考點清晰了解,本文將各型問題進行整理并做了詳細闡述,以期能幫助學生有針對性地復習。
一、回答問題題型歸類
一是細節題,以5W 1H開頭的特殊疑問句來進行提問;二是其他類型問句,包括一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句;三是開放題,以評價人或事物、概括中心思想、發表自己的看法等為主。
二、解題技巧
1.細節題
5W 1H引導的特殊疑問句。回答時以有主謂結構的句子完整回答或簡單回答為主。
(1)When(時間),回答時需用時間介詞及連詞(in, after, before, during, at, as soon as)等。
When did Eppie begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times?
Key: In 1955./After she won a contest.
※介詞in不能省略,1955只表示數字。
(2)Where(地點),簡單回答時需使用介詞(at, in, on, around, near, above,below,behind,in front of,under)等。
Where did Alice work as an Expo Volunteer?
Key: At a city service station on HuaiHai Zhong Road.
※出現多處地點時應將地址寫詳細。
(3)Who(誰),回答時使用人名或人稱代詞,代詞注意人稱間轉換。
Who would help design Jefferson’s garden?
Key: Emilio’s aunt.
※多個人物出現時,需指明相互關系。
(4)What(事件),回答時需找出動詞或賓語。回答不能以祈使句開頭,需完整回答。
What did Mary Kay have to do when she started school?
Key: She had to do housework, cook, and take care of her father.
(5)Why(原因),回答用“because+句子”或“because of sth./doing sth.”及不定式“to do”。
①Why did people think the liquid chocolate was medicine in the 1500s?
Key: Because it had a medicine taste.
②Why do people celebrate Qing Ming Festival?
Key: To remember the dead.
③Why was Mary absent from school yesterday?
Key: Because of her illness.
(6)How
①How詢問方式方法,回答以介詞by,through等開頭。
How would the children raise money for the project?
Key: They would organize a book sale to raise money./By organizing a book sale.
※介詞后的動詞應變成動名詞。
②How be 詢問……怎么樣?回答需給出形容詞。
How was the food in the restaurant?
Key: The food was delicious./Delicious.
③How X
如how many/much/often/soon/long/far/old/big/large/fast/many times等。How long could you read once a day to make your reading better?
Key: For 15 minutes.
※回答how long用for +一段時間。
2.其他類型問句
(1)一般疑問句回答以Yes/No或以ABA形式,注意時態和人稱變化。
Did the managers raise her pay because of her hard work?
Key: No, they didn’t.
(2)選擇疑問句不能以yes或no回答,必須給出明確的選擇,勿與一般疑問句混淆。
Did happy gods and goddesses help them or punish them?
Key: They helped them.
(3)反意疑問句分為“前肯后否、前否后肯及there be 句型的反問”三種題型,需根據文中的實際情況回答。可將反問句變成一般疑問句更易找到答案。
Most Americans prefer dark chocolate, don’t they?
Key: No, they don’t.
3.開放題
(1)評價人或事物
需對文章中特定的人物或事物進行評價或提出自己的觀點,切忌都用good或bad進行評價。評價事物的形容詞有:interesting, meaningful, wonderful, great, boring, exciting, dull等。評價人的形容詞有:smart, great, kind, clever ,warm-hearted, helpful, honest, foolish 等。
What do you think of the experts’ ideas of making English easier?
Key: I think they are helpful/useful… (下轉第212頁)(上接第202頁) How do you like the writer’s father?
Key: He is a great father.
(2)總結中心思想
可從文章及段落的中心句進行尋讀后概括。
What can you learn from the article?
Key: Good chocolate doesn’t have much fat or sugar.
What is the passage mainly about?
Key: The passage is mainly about how to make reading better.
(3)表達觀點
As a teenager, will you run away from home? Why?
Key: Yes, I will./No, I won’t because …
主要提問及回答方式有:
①評價人或事。What do you think of sb./sth.…? How do you like sb./sth.…? How be…?I think sb./it is+adj.
②中心思想。What can you learn from…? I can learn that (句子)…What is the passage mainly about? It is mainly about (句子)…
③表達觀點。Will you…? Yes/No.Why? I will do…because….I won’t… because…
縱觀近年的中考試題,回答問題版塊也在逐年變化更新,應對這種題型時,考生除了要養成正確的答題習慣外,也應該提高個人的歸納概括語篇的能力,這樣才能不拘泥于試題,靈活應變。