摘 要 定語從句一直是中學英語教學的重難點,也是考試當中的常考點。尤其是其中容易混淆的地方,更是讓許多學生感到頭疼。但是,如果我們有心,用心,能夠對其進行認真的對比、分析的話,那么這些易混點也會變得很容易。
關鍵詞 定語從句;易混點;英語教學;常考點;對比分析;參考;舉例;先行詞;關系詞
定語從句一直是中學英語教學的重難點,也是考試當中的常考點。尤其是其中容易混淆的地方,更是讓許多學生感到頭疼。但是,如果我們有心,用心,能夠對其進行認真的對比、分析的話,那么這些易混點也會變得很容易。下面我僅舉幾例,以供大家參考。注意其中加橫線的地方。
(1)a. As is known to us, Taiwan is part of China.
b. It is known to us that Taiwan is part of China.
c. What is known to us is that Taiwan is part of China.
這一組例句中, a 句是as引導的非限制性定語從句,先行詞是后邊那句話;b句中it是形式主語,that引導主語從句;c句what引導主語從句,that引導表語從句。
(2)a. He is one of the students who have been to Beijing in our class .
b. he is the(only/just /very) one of the students who has been to Beijing.
這組例句中,one of the + 復數名詞中先行詞是后面的復數名詞,其后定語從句謂語動詞用復數;而one前面加‘the , the only, the very, the just’先行詞看作是one, 后面定語從句中謂語動詞用單數.
(3)a. Is this book the one you are looking for?
b. Is this the book ( which / that) you are looking for?
在這組例句中,a句this book是主語,is是謂語,the one是表語,又是后邊定語從句的先行詞,在從句中作賓語,關系代詞省略;b句中this是主語,the book是先行詞,關系代詞做后面從句的賓語也可以省略。
(4)a. It is at 5:00 pm that I arrived home.
b. It is 5:00 pm when I arrived home.
這組例句中,a句是強調句型,也就是把‘It is …that’去掉,剩下部分‘I arrived home at 5:00’是完整句子;而b句是定語從句,先行詞是5:00,在定語從句中做時間狀語,去掉‘It is …when’剩下部分不是完整句子。
(5)a. It is the place where /at which I put my luggage.
b. It is where I put my luggage.
這組例句中,a句是定語從句,the place是先行詞,在定語從句中,關系副詞where可用介詞加關系代詞at which取代;b句是where引導的表語從句,at which不能取代where。
(6)a. This is the factory ( that / which) we visited yesterday.
b. This is the factory where/ at which I worked last year.
c. This is the factory ( which / that) I worked in last year.
這組例句都是定語從句,但a句先行詞在從句中做及物動詞的賓語,要用關系代詞引導并可以省略;b句先行詞在從句中作地點狀語,應用關系副詞或者介詞加關系代詞; c句中關系代詞在從句中做in的賓語,可省略。
(7)a. The news ( that /which) he told me yesterday is true.
b. The news that he will come to our school is true.
這組例句中,a句是定語從句,對前邊名詞進行修飾,關系詞作從句的賓語,可以省略;b句是同位語從句,對前邊名詞進行解釋說明,關系詞that不能省略。
(8)a. What he said is right.
b. All( that )he said is right.
c. That he is a good teacher is right.
這組例句中,a句是what引導的主語從句,在從句中充當say 的賓語;b句是that引導的定語從句修飾前面的先行詞all,在從句中作say 的賓語可以省略,也不省略。c 句是that引導的主語從句,that 在從句不做成分,但不能省略。
(9)a. I know a boy whose name is Tom.
b. I know a boy of whom the name is Tom.
定語從句中,whose + n. = of whom/which the +n.或 the +n. of whom/which。
(10)a. The old woman has 3 sons, none of whom is a doctor.
b. The old woman has 3 sons, but none of them is a doctor.
這組例句中,a句是定語從句,whom是關系詞;b句已有連詞but,后面不再用其他連詞,而用代詞them。
(11)a. His son came home tiredly, whose clothes was covered with some thick snow.
b. His son came home tiredly, his clothes covered with some thick snow.
這組例句中,a句是定語從句,whose是關系詞,引導后面的定語從句;b句是簡單句,后半句不是句子,不需要連詞, cover是分詞.
(12)a. This is the reason why/ for which he was late yesterday.
b. This is the reason ( which/ that) he told me yesterday.
c. It was for the reason that he was ill that he didn’t go to school.
這組例句中, a句的先行詞在從句中做狀語,要用why 或for which引導; b句先行詞在從句中做told 的直接賓語,所以要用which或that 引導或省略;c 中第一空是that 引導的同位語從句,that 不做成分,不省略,第二空是that連接的強調句,that 不做成分,不省略。
總之,類似的易混點在定語從句的學習中還會有很多,只要我們細心,認真地去對比分析,抓住關鍵細節,還是不難選出正確答案的。