摘 "要:單板U型場地滑雪運動員動作完成的準確性是比賽中影響裁判員打分的關鍵環節。分析運動員動在高速、騰空條件下作完成動作的機理,認為動態下的技術動作完成過程是運動員生理、心理對競賽高負荷的適應,是技術行為程序與心理活動指向相互影響共同作用于動作完成的結果,即由身體姿勢、呼吸節奏、時空意識三方面所構成的單板U型場地滑雪運動員技術動作完成的動態性系統。基于此,提出了單板U型場地滑雪運動員“調姿、調息、調意”的系統化訓練體系,使運動員在超越競賽難度的訓練情景中建立正確的動作完成認知和思維模式,不斷提高運動員動作完成的準確性。
關鍵詞:單板U型場地滑雪;動作準確性;調姿;調息;調意;系統化訓練
中圖分類號:G863.1 " " " " " "文獻標識碼:A " " " " " "文章編號:1002–3488(2014)02–0024–04
Training "System Construction of "the "“Positioning,Breathing, Concentration” of Half-pipe Snowboarders
TONG Tie-ying,LIU Xue-mei
(Physical Education Department of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150086, China)
Abstract: The accuracy of half-pipe snowboarders’ movements is the key which influences the scores in the game. Analyzing the mechanism of snowboarders in high speed and flight, the paper thinks finishing technical movements under dynamic conditions is physiological, psychological adaptation to high load of competitions, is the result of technical action program and psychological activities acting on movements, that is the dynamic system of half-pipe snowboarders’ technical movements which is made up of postures, breathing rhythm and time consciousness. Based on this, put forward systematization training system of half-pipe snowboarders “positioning, breathing, concentration”, make snowboarders establish cognitive and thinking mode of finishing right movements in the training circumstance beyond competition difficulties, continuously improve the accuracy of movements.
Key words: half-pipe snowboarding; accuracy of movements; positioning; breathing; concentration; systematization training
1 " "引言
單板U型場地滑雪運動是在規定場地內完成各種滑行和空中動作的高難度運動項目[1]。作為冬奧會正式比賽項目之一,我國單板U型場地滑雪隊隊員,尤其是女隊員的運動水平已經躋身世界前列,但其動作完成的準確性,卻明顯不及國外優秀選手,如國外高水平運動員的動作完成的準確性通常在 85 %~88 %,而我國優秀運動員如劉佳宇和孫志峰等,僅為 80 %和75 %左右[2]。因此,在現階段我國運動員動作難度不輸于外國運動員的情況下,只要動作完成的準確性得到提高,就能創造優異的運動成績。從現有的研究成果來看,雖然國內眾多專家對單板U型場地滑雪運動的技術特征進行了較多分析,但對于運動員完成動作的準確性研究還十分有限[3-4]。……