摘 "要:冰壺高水平競技比賽具有應激性特征,冰壺運動員比賽所采取的應對策略,是其參賽能力的重要標志和其競技能力的重要組成部分。分析了冰壺運動員比賽壓力特征及成因,探討了冰壺運動員應對方式的影響因素和獲得途徑,指出冰壺運動員應對策略是冰壺運動員心理素質的重要表現。從樹立信心,采取積極的應對方式;建立認知對策庫,提高冰壺運動員比賽認知能力和快速適應比賽的能力;制定冰壺運動員個性化的應對訓練程序,實施個性化的應對訓練方案,評價應對效果等方面,闡述了冰壺運動員的比賽應對策略,旨在促進冰壺運動員最佳競技狀態的形成,指導冰壺運動訓練和比賽。
關鍵詞:冰壺運動員;比賽;應對;策略
中圖分類號:G862.6 " " " " " "文獻標識碼:A " " " " " "文章編號:1002-3488(2014)02-0028-04
Curlers' Coping Strategy for the Curling Competition
SHI Meng-yu1,JIANG Miao-miao2
(1.Harbin Winter Sports Training Center, Harbin 150020, China;2.Physical Educational School of Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150028,China)
Abstract: With the irritability characteristics of High-level curling competition, the coping strategy is an important symbol and component of the curlers' competitiveness. After analyzing the characteristics and cause of the curlers' competitive stress, the paper discusses the influencing factors and obtaining methods of their coping ways, and indicates that the coping strategy is an important performance of their psychological quality. For advancing the curlers' development of optimal competitiveness and providing a guidance for the curling training and competition, it elaborates some coping strategies such as adopting active coping ways by building confidence, improving their competitive ability of cognitive competence and fast adaptation, carrying out personalized program of coping training, evaluating the coping effect.
Key words: curler; competition; cope; strategy
對于高水平競技體育的冰壺運動比賽來說,冰壺運動員的體能、技術、戰術、心理的協同,是順利地完成比賽和取得優異成績的基礎。科學地采取優化的戰術,正確地運用合理的技術,以良好的心理素質保證技戰術的穩定性,對于冰壺運動員的比賽成功具有重要意義。冰壺運動是心理自我對抗較強的項目[1]。在比賽中,運動員常因各種心理原因而發揮失常:過于緊張,或者過于放松;過于追求完美,或者過于消沉等[2]。冰壺運動員與心理壓力進行著頑強的斗爭,成功的克服心理壓力是取得優異比賽成績的關鍵所在。冰壺高水平競技比賽具有應激性特征,運動員面對比賽中的臨場壓力,勢必做出情境性應對。……