索契冬奧會單板U型場地滑雪女子決賽成績與比賽戰(zhàn)術的發(fā)展趨勢

周文婷 李興洋

摘 要：目的： 尋找索契冬奧會單板U型場地滑雪女子運動員決賽成績與難度戰(zhàn)術間的關聯(lián)性，為該項目訓練、備戰(zhàn)提供資料。方法： 采用觀察法、調(diào)查訪談法和對比分析法，對索契冬奧會單板U型場地決賽12名女子運動員兩輪比賽的技術動作進行對比分析，研究其比賽成績與難度戰(zhàn)術選擇間的關聯(lián)性，并與溫哥華冬奧會女子決賽難度戰(zhàn)術進行比較。結(jié)果： 6名成績上升選手與6名成績下降選手中均有加難、維持難度及減難戰(zhàn)術的選擇，其成績與難度戰(zhàn)術無關。與溫哥華冬奧會相比，本屆比賽中選擇加難戰(zhàn)術者明顯下降（由66.7%降至33.3%），并有25%選擇減難戰(zhàn)術，其趨勢顯著不同。結(jié)論： 索契冬奧會單板U型場地滑雪女子決賽比賽成績與難度戰(zhàn)術選擇關聯(lián)性不大，與溫哥華冬奧會難度戰(zhàn)術趨勢不同。

關鍵詞：冬奧會；單板U型場地滑雪；女子；決賽成績；比賽戰(zhàn)術；趨勢

中圖分類號：G811.212 G863.1 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002–3488（2014）04–0001–05

Final Results and the Development Trend of Competition Tactics of Female Half-pipe Snowboarding in Sochi Winter Olympics

ZHOU Wen-ting1， LI Xing-yang2

（1.Sports Science and Health Department of Harbin Institute of Physical Education， Harbin 150001， China；2. Ice-snow Cultural Studies Center of Harbin Institute of Physical Education， Harbin 150001， China）

Abstract： The purpose is to find out the association between the final results of female half-pipe snowboarders in Sochi Winter Olympics and the difficult tactics， providing the references for the training and the preparation for competitions. Methods： With the methods of observation， expert interview and comparative analysis， the paper has compared and analyzed technical difficulty motions of two routines of 12 female snowboarders in the half-pipe final of Sochi Winter Olympics， so as to find out the association between the final results and the difficult tactics， as well as comparing them with the ones in Vancouver Winter Olympics. Results： In the 6 female snowboarders with higher results and the 6 ones with lower results， difficult tactics of improvement， maintenance and reduction were selected， no relation was found between final results and the difficult tactics. Compared to Vancouver Winter Olympics， the snowboarders choosing to improve the difficult tactic reduced significantly（by 66.7% drops 33.3%）， and 25% snowboarders selected to reduce the difficult tactic， which was different to the trend in Vancouver Winter Olympics. Conclusions： There was no association between the final results of female half-pipe snowboarders in Sochi Winter Olympics and the difficult tactics， and the trend of difficult tactics in Sochi was different to the one in Vancouver Winter Olympics.

Key words： Winter Olympics； half-pipe snowboard； female；final results； competition tactics； trend

單板U型場地滑雪作為冬奧會比賽項目首次出現(xiàn)于1998年的長野冬奧會，迄今已歷經(jīng)5屆冬奧會的洗禮。進入新千年后，其發(fā)展之迅速，受眾之廣泛，較其他冰雪項目毫不遜色，從而大大促進了該項目運動員的成長、技術動作的創(chuàng)新以及商業(yè)價值的提升，自此進入了高速發(fā)展的軌道。然而，作為一項開展時間較短的運動項目，其相關科學研究仍然十分有限，且主要集中于生物學監(jiān)控[1-3]、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與規(guī)則解讀[4-6]、技術動作分析[7-8]、運動損傷與心理調(diào)控[9-12]等方面，戰(zhàn)術研究較少[13-15]，不適應該項目的快速和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。……