趙騫
摘 要:在競技體育運動中,運動員的力量素質水平是取得優異運動成績的基礎,是決定運動員發展潛能的關鍵性因素之一。白肌纖維在肌肉中比例、肌肉的生理橫斷面、肌肉的初長度、參與活動的肌纖維數量、肌肉的牽拉角度、肌肉收縮的形式、神經過程的頻率和強度、神經中樞對肌肉活動的支配和調解能力,以及心理狀態等是影響爆發力表現的主要因素,力量訓練的方式對提高運動員的爆發力起到關鍵性作用,將肌力轉換成專項能力是力量訓練質量的難點。教練員必須把握住這些力量訓練的疑難問題,訓練中時刻注意影響力量表現的因素,注重核心區域的力量訓練,力量素質訓練要系統、科學、不間斷、循序漸進地安排,正確的技術動作與專項結合,把握提高訓練質量這幾個關鍵結點,才能提高力量訓練效果,達到力量訓練的預期目的。
關鍵詞:力量;訓練;注意;問題
中圖分類號:G808.14 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1002–3488(2014)04–0080–04
Some Problems for Attention on Strength Training
ZHAO Qian
(Harbin No.2 Amateur Sports School, Harbin 150020, China)
Abstract: In competitive sports, good performance based on strength quality level of athletes which is one of the key factors to decide the athlete's potential. White muscle fibers in muscle, muscle physiological cross-section of muscle, initial length of muscle, numbers of muscle fibers participating in activities, stretch angle of muscle, forms of muscle contraction, the frequency and intensity of nerve process, control and coordination ability of nerve centre, and psychological state are the main factors that influence the explosive force, strength training mode plays a key role in improving the explosive force of athletes, muscle strength converted into special ability is the difficulty of strength training quality. Coaches must grasp the difficult problems in strength training, always pay attention to the factors of influencing the strength performance, pay attention to the strength training of core region, strength training should be scientific, systemic, uninterrupted and orderly arrangement, combined the correct technical movements and special, grasp the key to improve the training quality of several points, to improve the effect of strength training, achieve the expected purposes of strength training.
Key words: strength; training; attention; problems
1 注重核心區域的力量訓練
運動員的身體素質通常指的是完成肌肉活動的基本能力,是人體各器官系統的機能在肌肉工作中的綜合反映[1]。運動員的身體素質一般包括力量、速度、耐力、靈敏、柔韌等。他們不同的組合就會衍生出不同的身體素質表現,如,速度與力量的結合就構成爆發力的表現,而速度和耐力的結合就構成了速度耐力。力量是指克服對抗力的能力,它是身體素質中最基本的,許多教練員認為力量是其他素質的基礎,力量、速度型運動項目如果沒有力量,可以說是無法取得優異的運動成績的[2-9]?!?br>