血清肌酸激酶與運動訓練控制

陳瑤　郭子淵

摘 要：隨著科技的進步，不同運動項目競技的科學訓練化水平在不斷提高，利用科學的手段與特定的生理、生化指標監控運動訓練，最大限度地挖掘運動員的內在潛力，已成為廣大教練員和科研人員共同的研究方向。CK與能量代謝關系密切，是機體 ATP—CP 供能系統的關鍵酶之一，不僅參與肌肉的收縮供能，還參與控制著糖酵解和線粒體。因此，在眾多訓練監控指標中血清CK成為教練員、科研人員最關注的重要測試指標之一。研究表明，運動與血清肌酸激酶（CK）密切相關，是用于監控和評定訓練負荷、機能恢復情況的較敏感指標之一，大強度、大運動量訓練或比賽可以導致血清CK顯著性升高；隨著強度的增加，如果不適應，其運動專項能力就會下降，如果適應，其專項能力會有所突破，CK上升幅度較低的運動員，專項成績也難提高；血清CK對肌纖維損傷的預警作用；高原訓練、營養藥物的使用對CK有影響作用。在冬季運動項目、田徑、游泳、自行車與其他項目的訓練中，訓練初期血清CK會有所上升，大負荷訓練階段血清CK和訓練負荷呈正相關，且對運動強度的刺激尤為敏感。在訓練過程中，教練員和科研人員要及時對運動員的血清CK進行監測，可以防止運動強度過大，導致損傷的發生，提高訓練效果。

關鍵詞：血清肌酸激酶；訓練；控制

中圖分類號：G862.7 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002–3488（2014）04–0075–05

Serum Creatine Kinase and Sports Training Control

CHEN Yao， GUO Zi-yuan

（Anhui Provincial Research Institute of Sports Science and Technology， Hefei 230001， China）

Abstract： With the progress of science and technology， the scientific training level of different sports is rising， by using scientific means and specific physiological and biochemical index monitoring of sport training， maximize the inherent potential of the athletes， which has become common research direction of coaches and researchers. The close relationship between CK and energy metabolism ， is one of the key enzymes in the body of ATP CP power supply system， not only involved in the contraction of muscle energy supply， is also involved in the control of glycolysis and mitochondrial. Therefore， in the numerous training monitoring indexes， serum CK has become one of the most important testing indexes which coaches and researchers pay most attention to. The research shows， sports and serum creatine kinase （CK） are closely related， is one of the sensitive indicators for monitoring and evaluation of training load and functional recovery， high strength， high-tempo exercise training or competitions can lead to increase serum CK significantly； With the increase of strength， if not adapting， the special ability movements will decline， if adapting， special abilities will have a breakthrough increase， low CK players， their specific performance is difficult to improve； Serum CK gives a warning effect on the damage of muscle fiber； The use of altitude training， nutrition drugs have influences on CK. In the training of winter sports， track and field， swimming， cycling and other project training， serum CK will be increased at the primary stage， heavy load training stage was positively correlated with serum CK and training load， and the stimulation of exercise intensity is particularly sensitive. In the process of training， coaches and scientific researchers should be timely to monitor the athletes' serum CK， can prevent too large exercise intensity， result injuries， improve the training effect.

Key words： serum creatine kinase； training；control

1 引言

目前，隨著不同運動項目競技水平的不斷提高，最大限度地挖掘運動員的內在潛力，已成為廣大教練員和科研人員共同的研究方向。……