摘要[目的]明確雙季機(jī)插晚稻適宜的播種量,為水稻機(jī)插秧技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用提供參考對(duì)機(jī)插晚稻秧秧苗素質(zhì)、分蘗動(dòng)態(tài)、生育期和經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的影響。[結(jié)果]不同播量對(duì)機(jī)插雙季晚稻秧苗素質(zhì)、分蘗能力、生育期和產(chǎn)量均有不同程度的影響。隨著播種量的增加,秧苗素質(zhì)、莖蘗成穗率、有效穗數(shù)、每穗粒數(shù)、實(shí)粒數(shù)和千粒重均呈下降趨勢(shì),水稻植株全生育期有所縮短。水稻產(chǎn)量隨播種量的增加而增加,各處理間產(chǎn)量差異明顯。[結(jié)論]在該研究中,H優(yōu)518和陸兩優(yōu)996作雙季晚稻機(jī)插栽培時(shí),關(guān)鍵詞機(jī)插晚稻;播種量;秧苗素質(zhì);經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀
中圖分類號(hào)S511文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2014)24-08118-03
Effects of Different Seeding Sowing Amount on the Growth and Development and Economic Traits of Late Rice with Machine Transplanting
YI Guangming, LI Hong et al(Huage Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station of Nanxian County, Nanxian, Hunan 413200; Nanxian County Agricultural bureau, Nanxian, Hunan 413200)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to confirm on the suitable sowing amount of double season and late rice with machine transplanting, and provide a reference for promotion and use of rice machinetransplanted seedling technology. [Method] The effects of different sowing amount(22.5, 37.5, 52.5, 60.0 kg/hm2) on the seedlings quality, the tillering dynamics, the growth period and the economic traits of late rice with machine transplanting H you 518 and Luliangyou 996. [Result] Different sowing amount had different level effects on the seedlings quality, the tillering dynamics, the growth period and the yield of double season and late rice with machine transplanting. With the increasing of sowing amount, the seedlings quality, the earbearing tiller percentage, the efficient panicles, the grains per panicle, the actual grains and the 1 000kernel weight all showed decreasing trend, and the whole grow period cut down. Rice yield increased with sowing amount rising, and had significant difference among all treatments. [Conclusion] In this study, the suitable sowing amount of H you 518 and Luliangyou 996 is 52.5 kg/hm2 when they are used as the double season and late rice with machine transplanting.
Key wordsLate rice with machine transplanting; Sowing amount; Seedlings quality; Economic traits
隨著農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力大量轉(zhuǎn)移和土地流轉(zhuǎn)的加快,種糧大戶、家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的發(fā)展壯大,水稻生產(chǎn)用工矛盾十分突出。目前,在水稻生產(chǎn)中,不同育苗移栽方式有著各自的不足之處,如人工移栽缺勞力、水稻直播有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等。根據(jù)社會(huì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化尤其是水稻栽插機(jī)械化是我國(guó)種植機(jī)械化的重要方向之一,是水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化、集約化、規(guī)?;爱a(chǎn)業(yè)化的重要途徑[1-2]。近年來(lái),水稻機(jī)械化插秧發(fā)展較快,推廣應(yīng)用面積逐步增加,但在推廣應(yīng)用過(guò)程中也出現(xiàn)了不少問(wèn)題。水稻機(jī)插秧高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵是培育整齊一致、生長(zhǎng)健壯、秧齡適宜的秧苗[3-4]。因此,筆者以H優(yōu)518和陸兩優(yōu)996為供試品種,開展雙季晚稻機(jī)械插秧秧苗素質(zhì)、分蘗能力、生育期和產(chǎn)量等方面的研究,以期明確雙季機(jī)插晚稻適宜的播種量,為水稻機(jī)插秧技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用提供參考。
1材料與方法
3結(jié)論與討論
3.1結(jié)論該試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,不同播量處理對(duì)機(jī)插雙季晚稻秧苗素質(zhì)、莖蘗動(dòng)態(tài)、生育期和產(chǎn)量均有一定的影響。在該試驗(yàn)條件下,H優(yōu)518和陸兩優(yōu)996作雙季晚稻機(jī)插栽培時(shí),播種量以52.5 kg/hm2為宜。
3.2討論在洞庭湖區(qū)機(jī)插雙季晚稻若要獲得高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)需注意以下幾個(gè)方面的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。
3.2.1 選好品種,控制秧齡。洞庭湖區(qū)機(jī)插雙季晚稻在品種選擇上以選擇生育期在108 d之內(nèi)的中熟偏早的雜交晚稻品種為宜(如H優(yōu)518、H優(yōu)636),適時(shí)播種,確保安全齊穗,并且秧齡控制在22 d之內(nèi)。
3.2.2 科學(xué)整田。洞庭湖區(qū)機(jī)插大田宜選用履帶式旋耕機(jī)旋田,采用該種旋耕機(jī)作業(yè)不會(huì)破壞稻田犁底層,也避免了輪式旋耕機(jī)因旋耕較深造成插秧機(jī)陷機(jī)。同時(shí),大田要干旋水整,淺翻平整,田要整平(田面高低不超過(guò)3 cm),表土上細(xì)下粗,細(xì)而不糊。
3.2.5合理管水。機(jī)械雙季晚稻由于秧苗小,根系少,機(jī)插淺且植傷重,在水管理上應(yīng)采用“無(wú)水淺插,淺控結(jié)合”的原則。即在機(jī)插時(shí)“五花水”插秧,返青期、分蘗期、孕穗期與抽穗期進(jìn)行淺水灌溉,一次灌水2~3 cm,自然落干后2~3 d再進(jìn)行灌溉,做到“前水不見(jiàn)后水”、“陳水不干后水不上”。分蘗末期、乳熟期和黃熟期采取控灌的方法,即進(jìn)行濕潤(rùn)灌溉。
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