浙江女性藏書(shū)家對(duì)文化發(fā)展與傳承的杰出貢獻(xiàn)

凌冬梅

摘 要 浙江不僅藏書(shū)文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、博大精深，且有17位對(duì)文化發(fā)展與傳承有杰出貢獻(xiàn)的女性藏書(shū)家。她們因讀書(shū)而藏書(shū)，因藏書(shū)而抄書(shū)、刻書(shū)、編書(shū)，又在藏讀書(shū)中獲得了更多學(xué)識(shí)、提高了素養(yǎng)。她們或引領(lǐng)女性編刻女性文集，或?yàn)榕宰珜?xiě)畫(huà)學(xué)著作之先驅(qū)，或在鑒賞史上留下了劃時(shí)代一筆，或保護(hù)藏書(shū)，弘揚(yáng)了巾幗不讓須眉的文化使命，或?qū)⒉排幕?shū)法文化發(fā)揚(yáng)至海外，成為中外文化交流史上亮麗的風(fēng)景線。

關(guān)鍵詞 女性藏書(shū)家 刻書(shū) 編書(shū) 文化傳承 浙江省

分類號(hào) G259.2

The Contribution of Female Bibliophiles of Zhejiang Province to Chinese Culture

Ling Dongmei

Abstract Zhejiang Province not only has a long-standing and profound culture of book collection， but also 17 female bibliophiles who contributed outstandingly for the development and inheritance of culture. They collected books for reading， also copied books， block-printed books， and edited books for collecting books， gaining more knowledge and improving their own quality in the collection and reading. They edited the female selections and guided the female literature to a new era. They were experts in painting and female pioneers of composing painting writings. They were great at appreciation and had epoch-making significance in the history of appreciation. They protected the collected books and were excellent as their male colleagues. They also carried forward Chinese talented womens culture and calligraphy culture to abroad， and became a bright scenery line of the history of exchanges between Chinese and foreign countries.

Keywords Female bibliophile. Block-print book. Edit book. Culture inheritance. Zhejiang Province.

我國(guó)流傳至今的各類古籍，大約在八萬(wàn)至十五萬(wàn)種之間[1]。這些無(wú)法確切統(tǒng)計(jì)的、承載著中華民族五千年歷史文化、傳承著人類知識(shí)與智慧的文獻(xiàn)，歷經(jīng)無(wú)以計(jì)數(shù)的戰(zhàn)禍、天災(zāi)、人禍的劫難，仍能頑強(qiáng)地繁衍生息并薪火傳承，不得不說(shuō)是一奇跡。創(chuàng)造這個(gè)奇跡的，則是“藏書(shū)”這一行為，私人藏書(shū)家又是這一行為的主力軍，據(jù)范鳳書(shū)《中國(guó)私家藏書(shū)史》的不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，歷代有據(jù)可考的藏書(shū)家達(dá)5 045人，其中女性40人。在男尊女卑的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中，能接受教育的女性已是鳳毛麟角，涉足藏書(shū)者更難能可貴。浙江一地經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)達(dá)，婦女地位相對(duì)較高，加之宋室南渡后藏書(shū)風(fēng)氣漸濃，至晚明到清代達(dá)到鼎盛，竟涌現(xiàn)了19位女性藏書(shū)家。她們因藏書(shū)而抄書(shū)、刻書(shū)、編書(shū)，又在藏、讀中獲得了更多的學(xué)識(shí)、提升了素養(yǎng)，不僅贏得了男性的尊重與欣賞，更在中國(guó)女性文學(xué)史、書(shū)畫(huà)史、鑒賞史、藏書(shū)史、目錄學(xué)史以及海外文化交流史上貢獻(xiàn)斐然。……