陳金花,林曉仁,羅湘湘,柯龍燕,張澍澍(.福建醫(yī)科大學省立臨床醫(yī)學院/福建省立醫(yī)院檢驗科,
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·論 著·
3項指標檢測在細菌感染診斷中的價值探討*
陳金花1,林曉仁2,羅湘湘2,柯龍燕2,張澍澍2(1.福建醫(yī)科大學省立臨床醫(yī)學院/福建省立醫(yī)院檢驗科,
福州 350001;2.福建醫(yī)科大學醫(yī)學技術(shù)與工程學院檢驗系,福州 350004)
目的 探討炎性指標中性粒細胞表面CD64、單核細胞HLA-DR、降鈣素原(PCT)檢測在細菌感染性疾病診斷中的價值。方法 選取2013年10月至2014年3月福建省立醫(yī)院臨床初步診斷為感染性疾病的住院患者90例,按出院時回顧性分析,將患者分為細菌感染組、非細菌感染組(包括真菌或支原體感染);另選取同期健康體檢者30例作為對照組。比較各組之間CD64、HLA-DR、PCT、C反應蛋白(CRP)、中性粒細胞堿性磷酸酶(NAP)積分、白細胞計數(shù)(WBC)的檢測結(jié)果。結(jié)果 細菌感染組CD64、PCT、CRP明顯高于非細菌感染組與對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),NAP、WBC明顯高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),HLA-DR明顯低于非細菌感染組與對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01);非細菌感染組CD64、CRP、NAP積分(P<0.01)與WBC計數(shù)(P<0.05)明顯高于對照組,而PCT及單核細胞HLA-DR與對照組相比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。細菌感染組各炎性指標相關(guān)性分析表明:CD64與HLA-DR呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.36,P<0.01);PCT與CRP呈正相關(guān)(r=0.43,P<0.01);HLA-DR除與CD64呈負相關(guān)外,還與CRP、WBC呈負相關(guān)(P<0.01)。按PCT水平對感染程度分級,結(jié)果顯示PCT各水平組的HLA-DR水平均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈現(xiàn)明顯遞減趨勢;除0.05~0.5 ng/mL組外,其他PCT水平組的CD64水平均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈現(xiàn)明顯的遞增趨勢。結(jié)論 PCT、CD64、HLA-DR是較好的細菌感染指標,3者聯(lián)合檢測對細菌感染的診斷、評估與監(jiān)測有著重要的意義。
CD64; HLA-DR; 降鈣素原
傳統(tǒng)的炎性指標有很多,主要包括C反應蛋白(CRP)、中性粒細胞堿性磷酸酶(NAP)、白細胞計數(shù)(WBC)。隨著醫(yī)學水平的發(fā)展,近2年出現(xiàn)了新的炎性指標如中性粒細胞CD64、降鈣素原(PCT)、單核細胞HLA-DR等。本文通過檢測CD64、HLA-DR、PCT、CRP、NAP及WBC炎性因子水平,并進行聯(lián)合分析,探討CD64、PCT、HLA-DR在感染性疾病診斷與評估中的臨床應用價值。
1.1 一般資料 根據(jù)感染性疾病的臨床初步診斷,選取2013年10月至2014年3月福建省立醫(yī)院收治的住院患者90例,其中男57例,女33例,年齡12~68歲。根據(jù)患者的臨床癥狀、體征,并結(jié)合細菌培養(yǎng)、抗炎治療的效果等指標,將患者分為細菌感染組70例,非細菌感染組(包括真菌或支原體感染)20例。另選取同期健康體檢者30例作為對照組,其中男19例,女11例,年齡18~52歲。2組人群一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法 采用美國BD公司生產(chǎn)的FACS Calibur流式細胞儀進行定量檢測CD64、HLA-DR,抗體均為美國BD公司提供;采用意大利梅里埃公司生產(chǎn)的MINIVIDAS全自動熒光酶聯(lián)免疫分析儀及配套試劑,通過酶聯(lián)免疫熒光法檢測PCT;采用德國西門子公司生產(chǎn)的BNⅡ全自動蛋白分析儀及配套試劑,通過免疫散射比濁法檢測CRP;采用重氮鹽偶氮偶聯(lián)法手工染色,分類100個中性粒細胞,計算NAP積分。

2.1 細菌感染組(A組)、非細菌感染組(B組)及對照組之間各炎性指標水平的比較 細菌感染組CD64、PCT、CRP明顯高于非細菌感染組與對照組(P<0.01),NAP、WBC明顯高于對照組(P<0.01),HLA-DR明顯低于非細菌感染組與對照組(P<0.01);非細菌感染組CD64、CRP、NAP積分(P<0.01)與WBC計數(shù)(P<0.05)明顯高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義。而PCT及HLA-DR與對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2 70例細菌感染患者炎性指標相關(guān)性分析 CD64與HLA-DR呈負相關(guān)(P<0.01);PCT與CRP呈正相關(guān)(P<0.01);HLA-DR除與CD64呈負相關(guān)外,還與CRP、WBC呈負相關(guān)(P<0.01)。見表2。

表1 3組各炎性指標水平的比較±s)
注:與對照組比較,**P<0.01,*P<0.05;與非細菌感染組比較,ΔP<0.01。

表2 細菌感染組各炎性指標之間的相關(guān)性分析(r)
注:**P<0.01;-表示無數(shù)據(jù)。
2.3 PCT各水平組之間CD64、HLA-DR水平比較 70例感染性疾病患者PCT均大于0.05 ng/mL,根據(jù)PCT水平將這些患者分組:<0.05~0.5 ng/mL組(輕度感染)、<0.5~2.0 ng/mL組(可能全身細菌感染)、<2.0~10.0 ng/mL組(膿毒血癥)、>10.0 ng/mL組(嚴重膿毒血癥)。對照組PCT均小于0.05 ng/mL(無細菌感染)。各組之間CD64、HLA-DR水平比較,PCT各水平組的HLA-DR水平均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈現(xiàn)明顯遞減趨勢;除可能全身細菌感染組外,其他PCT水平組的CD64水平均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈現(xiàn)明顯遞增趨勢。見表3。

表3 PCT各水平組之間CD64、HLA-DR水平的比較
注:與對照組比較,**P<0.01,*P<0.05。
細菌分離培養(yǎng)是診斷細菌感染的金標準,但因培養(yǎng)陽性率低且耗時長,不能達到早期診斷的目的,因此臨床常以傳統(tǒng)炎性指標CRP、NAP積分、WBC計數(shù)等的變化并結(jié)合臨床癥狀,對感染作出初步判斷,進行經(jīng)驗性的抗生素治療,但常導致過度治療與一些不良反應的發(fā)生。鑒于這幾項傳統(tǒng)炎性指標在反映細菌感染上存在的敏感性和(或)特異性方面的不足,本研究檢測近年來新出現(xiàn)的CD64、PCT、HLA-DR,旨在為感染性疾病的診斷與評估尋找更有價值的炎性指標。
CD64是免疫球蛋白IgG的Fc段受體1,主要分布在巨噬細胞、單核細胞及樹突狀細胞表面,具有連接體液與細胞免疫的橋梁作用,當機體發(fā)生感染時中性粒細胞表面的CD64表達可迅速增高,尤其在細菌感染者升高,具有較高的靈敏度和特異性[1-4]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,CD64在細菌感染與非細菌感染時均升高,但細菌感染組的水平明顯高于非細菌感染組(P<0.01),且隨著感染程度的加重,CD64水平呈現(xiàn)明顯遞增趨勢,嚴重膿毒血癥組CD64水平達(4 080±2 967)ng/mL,與對照組相比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01)。以上結(jié)果提示CD64的表達缺乏特異性,但與細菌感染的嚴重程度密切相關(guān),可作為對細菌感染程度評估與監(jiān)測的1項良好指標,這與蘇密龍等[5]和Icardi等[6]的報道一致。
PCT是降鈣素的前肽物,健康人體中主要由甲狀旁腺細胞合成。本研究結(jié)果顯示PCT在細菌感染時增高明顯,在非細菌感染時則不增高,這與文獻報道一致,說明PCT在反映細菌感染方面具有較高的敏感性和特異性[7]。
HLA-DR是單核細胞表面的重要抗原,是一種主要的Ⅱ級組織相容性抗原復合物,與感染時抗原在T細胞的表達和啟動炎性瀑布反應有關(guān)。單核細胞下調(diào)或不表達HLA-DR都會抑制其抗原提呈的功能,且還會抑制其響應刺激分泌炎性因子功能。在成人創(chuàng)傷和手術(shù)患者明顯減少,膿毒癥時降低更為明顯[8]。HLA-DR嚴重下調(diào)的患者可被認為是免疫麻痹,它可能會面臨發(fā)生感染合并癥的危險[9]。本研究顯示在細菌感染時HLA-DR明顯下調(diào),而非細菌感染則無明顯改變,且二者間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),提示HLA-DR在反映細菌感染上具有良好的敏感性與特異性。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HLA-DR隨著細菌感染程度的加重而下調(diào)明顯,表明HLA-DR表達的下調(diào)還與臨床細菌感染患者病情的發(fā)生與發(fā)展相關(guān)聯(lián)。相關(guān)性分析顯示HLA-DR與CD64呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.36,P<0.01),提示聯(lián)合HLA-DR與CD64可能更有助于對細菌感染性疾病的評估與監(jiān)測。
傳統(tǒng)的炎性指標CRP作為一種急性時相反應蛋白,在炎性反應或者急性組織損傷時合成增加;本研究顯示CRP與PCT呈正相關(guān)(r=0.43,P<0.01),與陸青等[10]的報道一致。另2項炎性指標NAP積分與WBC計數(shù)在細菌感染時缺乏特異性,且與PCT及CD64無相關(guān)性。
綜上所述,PCT、CD64、HLA-DR是較好的細菌感染指標,三者聯(lián)合檢測,對細菌感染的診斷、評估與監(jiān)測有著重要的意義。
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Value of 3 indexes in diagnosis of bacterial infections*
CHENJin-hua1,LINXiao-ren2,LUOXiang-xiang2,KELong-yang2,ZHANGShu-shu2
(1.FujianProvincialClinicalMedicalCollegeofFujianMedicalUniversity/DepartmentofClinicalLaboratory,FujianProvincialHospital,Fuzhou,Fujian350001,China;2.DepartmentofInspection,CollegeofTechniqueandEngineering,FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,Fujian350004,China)
Objective To explore the value of inflammatory indexes of neutrophil surface CD64,monocyte HLA-DR and procalcitonin(PCT) in the diagnosis of bacterial infectious diseases.Methods 90 inpatients with primarily diagnosed infectious diseases in the Fujian Provincial Hospital from October 2013 to March 2014 were randomly selected and detected CD64,HLA-DR,PCT,CRP,NAP integral and WBC count.According to the retrospective analysis at hospital discharge,the patients were divided into the bacterial infection group and non-bacterial infection (including fungal or mycoplasma infection) group;at the same period 30 individuals of healthy physical examination were selected as the control group.The detection results of inflammatory indexes were analyzed an compared among various groups.Results The CD64,PCT and CRP levels in the bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-bacterial infection group and the control group with statistical differences(P<0.01),the NAP integral and WBC counts were significantly higher than those in the control group with statistical differences(P<0.01),the HLA-DR expression was significantly lower than that in the control group and the non-bacterial infection group with statistical difference(P<0.01);the CD64 and CRP levels,NAP integral and WBC counts in the non-bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05),while PCT and the monocyte HLA-DR had no statistical differences between the non-bacterial infection group and the control group(P>0.05).The correlation analysis indicated that CD64 was negatively correlated with HLA-DR (r=-0.36,P<0.01);PCT and CRP was positively correlated (r=0.43,P<0.01),HLA-DR also was negatively correlated with CRP and WBC(P<0.01).The infection degree was graded according to the PCT level,the results showed that the HLA-DR level in various PCT levels groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01),moreover which showing the decline trend;except for the 0.05-0.5 ng/mL group,the CD64 level in the other PCT levels groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01),moreover which showing the ascending trend.Conclusion PCT,neutrophil CD64 and monocyte HLA-DR are better indicators of bacterial infection and their combined detection has an important significance for the diagnosis,evaluation and monitoring of bacterial infection.
CD64; HLA-DR; procalcitonin
10.3969/j.issn.1672-9455.2015.16.011
A
1672-9455(2015)16-2325-03
2015-01-25
2015-04-16)