修鵬,王貴陽,辛誠,高建新,李可為(上海交通大學醫學院附屬仁濟醫院,上海200127)
HMGA2 siRNA對膽管癌RBE細胞生物學行為的影響
修鵬,王貴陽,辛誠,高建新,李可為
(上海交通大學醫學院附屬仁濟醫院,上海200127)
摘要:目的觀察HMGA2 siRNA對膽管癌RBE細胞生物學行為的影響。方法將常規培養的膽管癌RBE細胞分為觀察組和對照組,每組6個復孔。觀察組加入HMGA2 siRNA,對照組加入空白對照siRNA。采用CCK8法計算兩組增殖速率。采用流式細胞術檢測兩組細胞凋亡率。采用細胞遷移實驗檢測兩組細胞遷移能力。采用流式細胞數檢測兩組細胞周期分布。結果①細胞增殖速率:觀察組、對照組細胞增殖速率分別為0.30±0.01、0.49±0.03觀察組低于對照組,P<0.05。②細胞凋亡率:觀察組、對照組早期凋亡率分別為18.71%±0.61%、11.90%±1.01%,總凋亡率分別為25.73%±0.19%、18.66%±0.97%,觀察組早期、總凋亡率均高于對照組,P均<0.05。③細胞遷移能力:觀察組、對照組穿膜細胞數分別為15.0±0.6、40.7±1.5,觀察組低于對照組(P<0.05)。④細胞周期分布:觀察組、對照組S期細胞比例分別為35.34%±1.95%、23.82%±0.95%,觀察組高于對照組(P<0.05)。結論HMGA2 siRNA可以抑制膽管癌RBE細胞增殖和遷移、促進細胞凋亡、阻滯細胞周期阻于S期。
關鍵詞:膽管癌; HMGA2 siRNA;細胞增殖;細胞凋亡;細胞遷移;細胞周期
HMGA2基因表達與許多惡性腫瘤的進展、侵襲、轉移及預后密切相關,HMGA2高表達的腫瘤惡性程度高,更傾向于侵犯轉移和預后不良[1~4]。但目前關于HMGA2與膽道系統腫瘤關系的報道較少。2014年6~10月,我們觀察了HMGA2 siRNA對膽管癌RBE細胞增殖、凋亡、遷移和細胞周期分布的影響。現報告如下。
1.1細胞培養及分組RBE細胞系購自中國科學院上海分院細胞庫,用含10%胎牛血清、5%青霉素/鏈霉素和5%L-谷胺酰胺的DMEM培養基培養,培養條件為37℃、5% CO2。將細胞接種于6孔板,每孔2×106~2.5×106個細胞。設觀察組和對照組,各6孔。觀察組每孔加入HMGA2 siRNA 5 μL和轉染試劑jetPRIME 4 μL,對照組加5 μL空白siRNA和4 μL轉染試劑jetPRIME,常規培養48 h進行后續實驗。
1.2細胞增殖速率測算采用CCK8試劑盒用CCK8法檢測。細胞轉染siRNA后,取上述生長近融合狀態的RBE細胞,以0.25%胰酶消化,調節細胞密度至5 000個/mL后以1 000個/孔接種于96孔板,置于CO2培養箱24h后加入10 μL CCK-8混合液,震蕩10 s、培養2 h后測450 nm吸光度(A 值),并以此反映細胞增殖率。
1.3細胞凋亡率檢測應用Annexin VAPC試劑盒采用流式Annexin V-PI染色法。轉染48h后使用冷的PBS洗細胞兩次,再用1×Binding Buffer緩沖液制成1×106細胞/mL的懸液。加入100 μL細胞懸液。加入AnnexinV與核酸染料各1 μL后輕輕混勻,室溫避光處放置15 min。分別加入1×Binding Buffer緩沖液80 μL。1 h內上流式細胞儀測定結果。檢測結果用CFlow Plus軟件分析。
1.4Transwell小室細胞遷移檢測轉染48 h后用不含FBS的DMEM培養液制成濃度為1×105個/mL的單細胞懸液。8mm的Transwell小室下室加600μL含10%FBS的DMEM培養液,上室加100 μL細胞懸液,每組設3個復孔,常規培養。24 h后PBS洗滌2次,甲醛固定5 min,結晶紫染色15 min,洗去染液。顯微鏡下每張濾膜隨機取5個視野,計數穿膜細胞數,取每組細胞的穿膜平均數表示腫瘤細胞的遷徙能力。
1.5細胞周期檢測采用流式細胞術檢測細胞周期分布取轉染48 h后的RBE細胞以1×105/mL密度接種于25 mL培養瓶中,培養24 h后消化收集細胞,PBS洗滌,70%乙醇固定細胞4℃過夜,PBS 洗2次,制成單細胞懸液,加入RNA酶、PI,流式細胞儀檢測G0/G1期、S期和G2/M期細胞比例。用flowjo軟件分析周期分布。
1.6統計學方法采用SPSS19.0統計軟件。結果用珋x±s表示。每個實驗重復3次,組間比較采用方差分析。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1細胞增殖率觀察組、對照組細胞增殖速率分別為0.30±0.01、0.49±0.03,觀察組低于對照組(P<0.05)。
2.2細胞凋亡率觀察組、對照組早期凋亡率分別為18.71%±0.61%、11.90%±1.01%,總凋亡率分別為25.73%±0.19%、18.66%±0.97%,觀察組早期、總凋亡率均高于對照組(P均<0.05)。
2.3細胞遷移能力觀察組、對照組穿膜細胞數分別為15.0±0.6、40.7±1.5,觀察組低于對照組(P <0.05)。
2.4細胞周期分布觀察組、對照組S期細胞比例分別為35.34%±1.95%、23.82%±0.95%,觀察組高于對照組(P<0.05)。
HMGA2外顯子5區編碼蛋白酸性C羧基端區域,包括mRNA的3'非翻譯區。HMGA2的3'非翻譯區包括與LET-7家族miRNA互補的特定的序列。Let-7miRNA與特定的序列綁定轉錄后負向調控HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白表達[5,6]。HMGA2基因在成熟組織中表達很低甚至不表達,而在早期胚胎組織和上皮組織及間充質來源的惡性腫瘤中高表達,這表明HMGA2基因對高級真核生物的惡性腫瘤的增殖和分化起著非常重要的作用[7,8]。在許多良惡性腫瘤中發現HMGA2高表達,可能對腫瘤轉化發揮了作用。
本研究結果顯示,HMGA2siRNA可以抑制膽管癌細胞增殖和遷移,促進癌細胞的凋亡,阻滯細胞于S期。HMGA2蛋白可以通過多種方式發揮其致瘤性,比如激活細胞周期、促進轉錄因子表達、干擾細胞凋亡或者破壞DNA的修復過程[9]。有研究表明HMGA2可通過上調細胞周期素B2 (cyclinB2)或細胞周期素A (cyclinA),促進細胞周期的轉化,干擾細胞周期,誘導腫瘤生長[10,11]。HMGA2還能夠調節p16的表達[12]。正常情況下,p16與細胞周期素D(cyclinD)競爭性結合CDK4、CDK6,抑制CDK4和CDK6的活性,使pRb保持去磷酸化高活性,去磷酸化的pRb對轉錄因子E2F的有抑制作用,從而阻止細胞從G1期進入S期,直接抑制細胞增殖。相反,當基因失活時,會導致調節途徑失控,細胞增殖失控而使細胞過度增殖,凋亡受抑制,導致腫瘤發生[13,14]。
研究表明,HMGA2和Smads共同綁定到Snail基因的啟動子導致Snail表達和EMT。HMGA2高表達并進行間充質轉變的細胞除了Snail高表達外Twist也高表達[15,16]。HMGA2通過EMT促進細胞的遷移能力增強。惡性轉移性的癌癥是有良性的畸形增生逐漸發展演變而來的[17]。能夠使癌細胞侵入局部組織,進入血管內滲并且作為腫瘤起始細胞不斷繁殖的關鍵過程是上皮間充質轉變(EMT)[18]。在EMT過程中,已分化的上皮細胞失去細胞間的黏附因子,表現出更多的能動性,顯示出間葉細胞的特性[19]。許多具有間充質轉變特征的細胞活動被認為是由一組和EMT共同的轉錄因子調節的。這些轉錄調節因子包括鋅指因子Snail1 (Snail),Snail2(也稱作Slug),ZEB1/δEF1,ZEB2/SIP1,還有基本螺旋因子E47和Twist1 (Twist)[20]。由這五種因子調節的完整的轉錄過程目前還未闡明。然而,關于EMT轉錄調節的明顯例證是CDH1被Snail1、Snail2、E47、ZEB1和ZEB2抑制,被認為是導致CDH1基因啟動子的DNA序列甲基化修飾和該基因終端沉默的機制[19]。另一方面,Twist誘導促進腫瘤細胞侵襲性的基因的表達[21],叉頭轉錄因子FoxC2誘導基因的甲基化修飾過程[22]。當然,相關的具體機制還需實驗進一步研究和證實。
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·臨床研究·
Research of the effect of HMGA2 on biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma cell RBE
XIU Peng,WANG Gui-yang,XIN Cheng,GAO Jian-xin,LI Ke-wei
(Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200127,China)
Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of HMGA2 on biological behavior of the cholangiocarcinoma cell of RBE.Methods The cholangiocarcinoma cell of RBE cultured by routine method were divided into observation group and control group,each group had six holes.HMGA2 siRNA and NC siRNA were added to observation group and control group.The proliferation rate of the two groups were determined by CCK8 assay.Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry.Migrate ability of the two groups were detected by cell migration experiment.Results①Cell proliferation rate: The cell proliferation rate of observation group and control group were 0.30±0.01,0.49±0.03,observation group was lower than the control group,P<0.05.②Apoptosis rate: The early apoptosis rate of observation group and control group were 18.71%±0.61%,11.90%±1.01%,total apoptosis rate were 25.73%±0.19%,18.66%± 0.97%,apoptosis rate of observation group was higher than that of control group,P<0.05.③Cell migration ability: The number of the cells across the membrane in observation group and control group were 15.0±0.6,15.0±1.5,observation group was lower than the control group,P<0.05.④Cell cycle distribution: The cells in S phase of the observation group and control group were 35.34%±1.95%,23.82%±0.95%,observation group was higher than the control group,P<0.05.Conclusions HMGA2 siRNA can inhibit the cell proliferation and migration,it can also induce cell apoptosis and block cell cycle in S phase in the cholangiocarcinoma cell of RBE.
Key words:Cholangiocarcinoma; HMGA2 siRNA; cell proliferation; cell apoptosis; cell migration; cell cycle
(收稿日期:2015-04-17)
通信作者簡介:李可為(1972-),博士,主任醫師,碩士研究生導師,研究方向為疾病的臨床和基礎研究。E-mail: keweipig@126.com
作者簡介:第一修鵬(1987-),男,碩士研究生,研究方向為膽道疾病的臨床和基礎研究。E-mail: doctorxiu@126.com
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(81372188)。
文章編號:1002-266X(2015)22-0027-03
文獻標志碼:A
中圖分類號:R735.8
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.22.008