以問題，促效率

江蘇省啟東市大江中學 錢莉莉

課堂提問是師生互動的過程。教師要精心設計問題，激發學生的思維。

一、設計好課堂導入

對于導入階段，教師應創設貼近學生實際生活、發人深思的問題，激發學生的求知欲和自我表現欲。

例如：M3U3Reading，設計 ①What are the f our ancient civilized nations？ ②What are the seven wonders of the world？

例 如 ：M1U3Reading，Dying to be thin…教師也可根據課文的標題展開討論，讓學生猜測這個標題的兩個意思，把握作者的寫作意圖和思想傾向。

①She is eager to be thin.②What she did caused great harm to her health.She took some weight-loss pills，which made her dying.

二、設計多樣化細節理解題

教育家達尼洛夫主張把教師的講授與學生的積極思維結合起來，設計“教師提出問題——學生積極獨立活動——教師把學生引入下一個新問題”的教學模式，設計的問題應該是實質性問題，抓住“牽一發而動全身”的關鍵性內容。

例如M2U2Reading，可設計細節理解題 Para1：True or f alse

(1)Toby plans to spend a f ew weeks travelling bef ore he went to university.

(2)Af ter the trip to Af rica，Colin will go to university.

Para 2：Answer the questions

(1)Where they will start the trip：____

(2)When they will start the trip：____

（3）Where they will like to go：___

(4)How they will go there：_____

(5)What things they would like to take with them：__

Para 3：Answer questions

(1)What others will the writer try？

(2)What is white-water raf ting like？

(3)How they will protect them selves？

三、設計主旨大意和作者意圖題

主旨大意是考查學生的全面理解能力，訓練學生尋找主題句，概括和歸納文章大意及中心思想。學生要從整體上來權衡語篇的內容，根據事實陳述，找出串聯全文的線索。

M3U3 Reading，according to the last sentence， what is the author’s feeling about the loss of Loulan？

M3U3Reading可設計這個問題：Do you think it is important to protect cultural heritage？ Why or why not？Do you have any suggestions on how to protect it？

四、設計推理判斷題

例如：While we’ve known the protective role that healthy social relations play，the results of this study suggest that social relations are actually more like a double-edged sword，as they can also be destructive when unhealthy，said Dr Simon Rego，the director of Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

我可以設計這樣的推理判斷題：

The underlined part in Paragraph4 means social relations_________.

A.Do more harm than good

B.May bring stress sometimes

C.Affect people’s lives greatly

D.Are the main reason f or early death

推理判斷題常用的信息詞：inf er，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude等

推理判斷題常用的問題：

1.The passage suggests/implies that____.

2.It can be concluded f rom the passage that____.

3.The paragraph f ollowing the passage will most probably be__

4.The writer’s attitude towards.is

五、根據閱讀材料，設計summary or task-based reading

例如：M2U3Project

Brief_____to Yang Liwei 1.Yang is the first Chinese____to pilot a spacecraf t.He traveled for 600，000 kilometers and he orbited around the earth_____times.2.Yang was born in____，in the northeast Liaoning Province History of Yang's success 1.In 1998，he____to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shen zhou.He was selected from 1，500_____.2.In September，2003，he became one of three who were picked for Chinese space adventure

六、提問需注意的細節

1.設計的問題要“少”而“精”。

問題的設計要體現在教學的關鍵處，理解的難點處，問題的矛盾處，思維的轉折處，探索的規律處。

2.設計的問題要有趣味性。

通過趣味性的問題使學生處于一種興奮的、愉快的狀態，這樣學生的思維就會有超常的發揮，學生接收信號的速度就會非常快。

3.在問答的過程中，教師要允許學生說完，再適當點撥；適時糾錯，適當寬容；恰當評價，鼓勵為主。

[1]胡春洞.英語教學論.高等教育出版社

[2]英語優質課課堂教學觀摩分析報告.中小學外語教學