罕遇地震下石化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)減震的關(guān)鍵影響因素

高劍　王忠凱　潘毅　葛慶子

摘要：在強烈地震作用下，煉油廠的石化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)可能發(fā)生破壞，導致較大的經(jīng)濟損失，并易引發(fā)嚴重的次生災(zāi)害。為降低石化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的地震風險，結(jié)合石化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的特點，以某大型煉油廠重整裝置反應(yīng)器為例，建立有限元分析模型，設(shè)置黏滯阻尼器進行罕遇地震下的減震設(shè)計，并分析了阻尼器的設(shè)置位置、數(shù)量和阻尼參數(shù)等影響因素。研究結(jié)果表明，黏滯阻尼器所在樓層的層間剪力和層間位移角顯著減小，布置在結(jié)構(gòu)底部的減震效果優(yōu)于布置在中、上部；隨著阻尼器數(shù)量的增加，層間剪力和層間位移角都會隨之減小，但減少幅度逐漸降低；阻尼系數(shù)對石化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)減震效果的影響大于阻尼指數(shù)，減震設(shè)計中宜優(yōu)先調(diào)整阻尼系數(shù)以獲得較好的抗震性能。

關(guān)鍵詞：石化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)；罕遇地震；消能減震；影響因素；黏滯阻尼器

中圖分類號：TU392.6

文獻標志碼：A文章編號：16744764（2016）01009208

Abstract：

Strong earthquake has adverse impact on the petrochemical steel structures of refinery and lead to large economic losses and serious secondary disasters. We studied a reformer reactor of a large refinery， built the finite element model and set viscous dampers to reduce the seismic risk of petrochemical structures based on their characteristics. Then we analyzed the influence factors， including location， quantity and the damping parameters of the viscous dampers. The results show that the interstory force and interstory displacement angle of the floor where the viscous damper was setted decrease significantly， and the damping effect with setting viscous damper in the bottom is greater than that in the middle and upper part. Besides， the interstory force and interstory displacement angle decrease when the number of viscous damper increases， but the decrease amplitude reduces gradually. In addition， the influence of damping coefficient on the damping effect of the petrochemical steel structure is greater than that of the damping index. So the damping coefficient should be given priority to consider in the structure design for better seismic performance.

Keywords：petrochemical steel structure；rare earthquake；energy dissipation；influence factor；viscous damper

中國是地震多發(fā)的國家，很多石化企業(yè)的煉油廠處在七度及以上烈度區(qū)。地震導致的煉油廠基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施破壞，不但會給石化企業(yè)造成較大的直接經(jīng)濟損失，而且會引發(fā)嚴重的次生災(zāi)害，如火災(zāi)、爆炸、水源污染等，造成更大的間接損失。目前，石化行業(yè)是按照《石油化工構(gòu)筑物抗震設(shè)計規(guī)范》（SH 3147—2014） 進行抗震設(shè)計，這就意味著罕遇地震下仍然需要靠結(jié)構(gòu)的塑形變形來耗散地震能量。盡管煉油廠的構(gòu)筑物多采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，但由于其破壞后的嚴重后果，在罕遇地震下仍然存在較大的地震風險。……