高劍 王忠凱 潘毅 葛慶子
摘要:在強烈地震作用下,煉油廠的石化鋼結構可能發生破壞,導致較大的經濟損失,并易引發嚴重的次生災害。為降低石化鋼結構的地震風險,結合石化鋼結構的特點,以某大型煉油廠重整裝置反應器為例,建立有限元分析模型,設置黏滯阻尼器進行罕遇地震下的減震設計,并分析了阻尼器的設置位置、數量和阻尼參數等影響因素。研究結果表明,黏滯阻尼器所在樓層的層間剪力和層間位移角顯著減小,布置在結構底部的減震效果優于布置在中、上部;隨著阻尼器數量的增加,層間剪力和層間位移角都會隨之減小,但減少幅度逐漸降低;阻尼系數對石化鋼結構減震效果的影響大于阻尼指數,減震設計中宜優先調整阻尼系數以獲得較好的抗震性能。
關鍵詞:石化鋼結構;罕遇地震;消能減震;影響因素;黏滯阻尼器
中圖分類號:TU392.6
文獻標志碼:A文章編號:16744764(2016)01009208
Abstract:
Strong earthquake has adverse impact on the petrochemical steel structures of refinery and lead to large economic losses and serious secondary disasters. We studied a reformer reactor of a large refinery, built the finite element model and set viscous dampers to reduce the seismic risk of petrochemical structures based on their characteristics. Then we analyzed the influence factors, including location, quantity and the damping parameters of the viscous dampers. The results show that the interstory force and interstory displacement angle of the floor where the viscous damper was setted decrease significantly, and the damping effect with setting viscous damper in the bottom is greater than that in the middle and upper part. Besides, the interstory force and interstory displacement angle decrease when the number of viscous damper increases, but the decrease amplitude reduces gradually. In addition, the influence of damping coefficient on the damping effect of the petrochemical steel structure is greater than that of the damping index. So the damping coefficient should be given priority to consider in the structure design for better seismic performance.
Keywords:petrochemical steel structure;rare earthquake;energy dissipation;influence factor;viscous damper
中國是地震多發的國家,很多石化企業的煉油廠處在七度及以上烈度區。地震導致的煉油廠基礎設施破壞,不但會給石化企業造成較大的直接經濟損失,而且會引發嚴重的次生災害,如火災、爆炸、水源污染等,造成更大的間接損失。目前,石化行業是按照《石油化工構筑物抗震設計規范》(SH 3147—2014) 進行抗震設計,這就意味著罕遇地震下仍然需要靠結構的塑形變形來耗散地震能量。盡管煉油廠的構筑物多采用鋼結構,但由于其破壞后的嚴重后果,在罕遇地震下仍然存在較大的地震風險?!?br>