淺議嘉陽小火車旅游線路及其相關景點英譯

李紅琴

摘 要：樂山打造國際旅游目的地，必將輻射帶動樂山周邊縣市的旅游產業發展。通過對嘉陽小火車景區的歷史沿革與現狀分析，以及對小火車線路、景點的英譯情況的調研，提出要完善嘉陽小火車旅游線路及其景點的英譯，制作中英文對照翻譯的宣傳網站，進一步提升小火車的國際知名度，從而促進樂山市文旅產業的發展。

關鍵詞：嘉陽小火車；旅游線路；景點；英譯

中圖分類號：F59 文獻標識碼：B doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-6922.2016.03.24

文章編號：1009-6922（2016）03-78-03

旅游鐵路是為規劃、建設以旅游為主線，銜接承載觀光、游覽、休閑等系列文化、旅游、娛樂項目，以旅游帶動經濟的鐵路。國外旅游鐵路產品比較成熟，如行程經典的威尼斯辛普朗東方快車、非洲之傲羅奧斯列車、瑞士黃金列車等。而國內的旅游鐵路多是由于歷史原因作為旅游特色性質的鐵路，如樂山嘉陽小火車。

《樂山國際旅游目的地戰略規劃》指出：到2020年樂山將初步建成以觀光旅游、文化體驗、會展交流、休閑度假為特色的國際旅游目的地。而到2015年為國際化發展階段，樂山將力爭實現年接待入境旅游者100萬人次，國際旅游收入超過10億美元。作為樂山的周邊縣市，犍為縣也根據自身特點做出了《犍為發展十二五規劃》和《犍為旅游發展總規》。無論是《規劃》還是《總規》都提出了要加強嘉陽小火車景區建設，力爭在2015年前完成國家級4A景區建設。現在，嘉陽桫欏湖旅游景區已經通過全國旅游景區質量等級評定委員會的審定，成為了國家級旅游4A景區。

一、嘉陽小火車的歷史沿革與現狀

1938年，四川省最早的中英合資煤礦落戶犍為縣芭蕉溝。誕生于1958年的嘉陽小火車是樂山市犍為縣嘉陽煤礦的一輛以蒸汽為動力的窄軌火車，其行駛的芭石鐵路地處犍為縣芭溝鎮、石溪鎮境內，全長19.84公里。從1825年世界上出現第一輛蒸汽機車到現在已有180余年的歷史了，當時蒸汽機的出現是十八世紀工業文明的標志。隨著科技的進步，人類由工業時代進入到了信息時代，蒸汽火車早已淡出歷史舞臺，更方便、更快捷的內燃機車和電力機車成為了新的歷史主角。而當蒸汽火車在世界的各個角落淡出江湖，成為一種久遠的記憶時，嘉陽小火車卻還在正常運營，成為目前全世界唯一的窄軌蒸汽客運小火車，因此，它有著“工業革命的活化石”“工業革命的絕版景觀”，比大熊貓還要珍貴的國寶之美譽。

嘉陽小火車采用了第一次工業革命的技術，至今仍保留著傳統的燃煤式爐瞳門、人工手鏟加煤、鍋爐蒸汽傳動、古曲式汽笛、窄小的輪軸和鐵軌，具有特殊的詹天佑“人”字形機車掉頭方式。其信號、搬道、電話也一直沿用傳統的手動方式。而嘉陽小火車所經的芭石鐵路彎多、坡陡，還有堪稱一景的列車C形大轉彎及多個密集型隧洞，世界罕見。隨著科技與城市化進程的加快，很多的歷史痕跡正在逐漸消失，蒸汽小火車在歐洲基本絕跡。近年來，嘉陽小火車聲名鵲起，名揚四方，吸引了英國、法國、德國、日本等眾多國外游客前來參觀，很多的歐美人士不遠萬里專程來到犍為，只為看一下他們祖先發明的“鐵?！?，感受一下行進的迪斯科，探訪小火車鐵路沿線的生活狀態，這有力說明了嘉陽小火車具有吸引海外游客的獨特魅力。

“芭石鐵路.嘉陽小火車”早在2006年就被授予工業遺產之美名，“嘉陽小火車”也成為了省級文物保護單位，其所帶來的文旅價值越來越受到重視。在2008年第9期的《中國國家地理》雜志上，以《嘉陽小火車，活著的工業博物館》為題，用13個整頁的篇幅圖文并茂地介紹了嘉陽小火車，這對小火車及樂山旅游都有很大的宣傳促進作用，使其知名度得以進一步提升。但是由于宣傳方式和力度的局限，嘉陽小火車并沒有完全發揮其旅游和經濟價值。通過對CNKI和萬方以及維普數據庫資料的搜索，有關嘉陽小火車的文章、新聞共有18篇，但是涉及中英文對照翻譯方面的文章卻沒有。

二、嘉陽小火車景區中英文對照現狀與問題

在嘉陽-桫欏湖旅游景區游客中心有少許粗略的關于嘉陽小火車的英語介紹，一個是關于四川嘉陽國家礦山公園的中、英、日、韓四種語言對照的簡介，其中有這樣的英文字樣：Jiayang National Mining Park is located at Bagou Town in Qianwei County ？熏Sichuan Province.Its a national-level mining park boasting the most abundant thin-layer coal mining re-mains？熏which is well preserved and displays vibrant vi-tality in China....In the park？熏 the Bagou-Shixi nar-row-gauge railway？熏 which is 20 kilometers long ？熏 con-nects the three major scenic spots？熏namely the old pits of the Sino-British joint venture Jiayang Coal Mine dating back to the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan ？穴1937-1945？雪？熏 the worlds last-running nar-row-gauge steam train？熏 and the clusters of buildings in both Chinese and foregn styles.另一個是嘉陽-桫欏湖旅游景區中英文簡介——Introduction to Jiayang-Suoluo Lake Scenic Area？熏現有的原文如下：Jiayang-Suoluo Lake Scenic Area which is located in Qianwei County ？熏Leshan City ？熏 Sichuan Province ？熏covers 51 square kilometers in the core area across Shixi Town ？熏 Bagou Town ？熏 Mamiao Township and Tongxing Town-ship.

Jiayang-Suoluo Lake Scenic Area boasts resource-ful tourist attractions such as industrial spots including Jiayang diminutive train and Bajiaogou-Shixi narrow-gauge railway ？熏 hands-on experience in Huangcun pit ？熏 and earthen watchtowers at Mamiao ？鴉 natural scenic spots like Bama ravine and Qinglong ravince？鴉 water-scapes like Suoluo Lake and metlands？鴉 biological spots like spinulose woods？鴉 fork customs like work songs ？熏 folk songs and village fair ？熏 and the Soviet-style houses and the British-style houses at Bajiaogou .

Jiayang-Suoluo Lake Scenic Area boasts distinc-tive characteristics as there are two “living fossils”here？押 the spinulose trees that are numbered 300？熏000？熏 in such a large scale ？熏 diversified forms and standing tall ？熏 for which Jiayang is named a native town of spinulose trees by the China Wild Plant Conservation Association ？鴉 the narrow-gauge steam train dating back to the age of the industrial revolution ？熏 which is known far and wide for its narrow gauge tracks ？熏 numerous curves ？熏 steep gradi-ents and manual operation. Moreover ？熏 Jiayang is named as a national mining park by the Ministry of Land and Resources.

Jiayang-Suoluo Lake Scenic Area is in such a per-fect location that forms a circular tourist route with other tourist attractions of Leshan ？熏 following which tourists dont have to go the road back. Its a comprehensive scenic and tourist area which has industrial civilization ？熏 ecological sightseeing ？熏 cultural experience ？熏 and leisure and holiday making to offer to toursits from home and abroad.文中有幾處值得商榷，在劃線處1.Qinglong ravince青龍溝，應該是Qinglong ravine？鴉 2.fork cus-toms民間習俗，很明顯fork一詞應該是folk？鴉 3.diversified forms？熏我覺得直接用presenting diverse forms更好，因為景區的桫欏樹樹形是自然的、多形態的，不是人為地去改變成這樣的。作為景區展示給游客的英文，無論是選詞、語法、打印都應該確保無誤，以免讓外國游客理解困難。除了這些，對嘉陽小火車的歷史沿革、旅游線路、景點方面的英文介紹比較欠缺，外國游客不容易看到，關于嘉陽小火車的中英文對照宣傳的網站更是匱乏。

三、提升嘉陽小火車國際知名度的對策建議

鑒于當前的狀況，要增加入境游客量和國際旅游收入，就必須加大對景區的宣傳力度，并拓展宣傳方式，可以通過互聯網和在景區景點采用中英文對照方式，廣泛地宣傳介紹嘉陽小火車的相關情況。

首先從嘉陽小火車的歷史沿革談起。一個景點的歷史背景是吸引游客的重要因素，游客來此旅行的目的之一就是要了解景點的相關歷史。所以我們有必要向中外游客展示中英文對照的介紹，讓游客在來前或來到游客中心，能有機會親自接觸到這些內容。可以在網站上或用明信片、宣傳單、小冊子來進行宣傳，對歷史沿革簡要介紹，比如：the History of the Jiayang Narrow-gauge Train —— In 1938？熏Jiayang Coal Mine？熏 the first Sino-British joint venture in Sichuan was founded in the small town of Bajiaogou in Qianwei County？熏Leshan City. In order to transport coal out of the mountain？熏 the railway between Bajiaogou and Shixi was built in 1958. This is a narrow-gauge railway line on which the little steam train runs to serve to carry freight？熏 the miners？熏 the residents and villagers along the line. Since then？熏 it has been serving as the only means of transport for the local people to go in and out of the valley till today. Now Jiayang mini train？熏the worlds last-running narrow-gauge steam train for villagers and visitors？熏is called a living fossil of the industrial rev-olution. 對于一般游客來說，他們希望通過便捷而且廉價的方式來獲取這樣的簡要背景敘述就夠了，而不是花幾十塊錢買一本書慢慢看。現代人最依賴手機，凡是不了解的東西，都想通過網絡去獲取，經常去“百度”一下，“谷歌”一下，所以我們在宣傳方式上要利用這一點。

第二，嘉陽小火車具有獨特的魅力，它吸引著大量的中外游客來到嘉陽國家礦山公園，每一位游客的主要目的就是體驗小火車，親自去感受它的獨特之處。所以我們要介紹小火車的特點，the Character-istics of Jiayang Steam Train—The mini steam train is famous for its narrow gauge？熏 multiple curves？熏 steep slope and manual operation. The narrow gauge？穴 762mm ？雪 is roughly half of the standard gauge.Total length of the track is 19.84km and there are 6 tunnels and 108 curves with minimum radius of 70m and a difference of 238m in elevation along the line. The locomotive pulls 7 mini passenger carriages？熏 each having 18 seats and sep-arated from each other. The most primitive way of manu-al operation is the typical feature of the Jiayang steam train？熏 for example？熏coal is manually charged by fireman？鴉 engine is manually piloted and directed by hand-waved signal flag and mouth-blown whistle？鴉 track is switched by hand？鴉 carriages are coupled up and braked manual-ly？熏and communication is passed by hand-swung phones？熏etc. 除了中英文文字，再加上一些操作的圖片，游客對小火車的特點及工作原理就一目了然了。

第三，芭石鐵路沿線的站點和風景觀光點是游客尤其關注的。在游客中心，有嘉陽-桫欏湖旅游景區全景圖，從中能看到芭石鐵路全線所設的停車站點9個，由外到內分別是：石溪站、躍進站、月亮田站、蜜蜂巖站、菜子壩站、仙人腳站、焦壩站、芭溝站和黃村井站？穴 現在的客運小火車始發站從以前的石溪搬到了躍進 ），還能看到主要景點名稱，這些標注是采用中英文對照的，比如：Shixi？熏 Yuejin？熏 Yueliang-tian？熏 Bajiaogou Old Industrial Town？熏 etc. 現有資料也能查到少許對站點和景點的中英文介紹，但還不夠，我們還應該更全面地對所有站點和觀光點采用中英文對照介紹。介紹內容除了網上能查到，一些書籍或圖冊上能看到，還有必要在站臺和觀光點設有對該處的特別介紹，這樣可以讓游客能更具體、透徹地了解該處，體驗和文字同在，記憶會非常深刻。

下面就一些站點和景點為例，探討其英文翻譯介紹。1.石溪站 The Shixi station is the starting point of the Jiayang little train. By the railway line ？熏there is Shixi Town？熏 the only lively town on rural fairs. Villagers from the mountains go to the fair to sell their farm and sideline products and purchase their daily necessities. The maintenance shop of the steam trains is located by the Shixi station. This is a vantage site for photogra-phers because of the old workshop？熏 the maintenance machine and equipment？熏 and the lathes from England. The train makes three departures daily at 7？押00？熏 12？押00？熏and 16？押30 respectively.It takes about 150 min-utes to travel to and fro.

2. 蜜蜂巖站 The Mifengyan stop is limited by the narrow terrain and its impossible for the train to make a turn here. Therefore a Y-shaped turnout track was set for the locomotives to squirm around. Here sightseers can watch the two trains meeting each other？鴉 the track switched manually？鴉 the train maneuvering its head and coupled up by hand with the carriages？鴉 the train dis-charging coal ashes？鴉 the old dispatching room？熏 and the railway museum. Also？熏 you can have a photo taken with the little train.

At Mifengyan stop？熏 two farmersinns are available to offer lodging and food by order. Duan Wencai at 13518236823 and Chen Jianhai at 13990693264.

3. 亮水沱景點 Liangshuituo Scenic Spot is the most beautiful spot on the railway line. In spring？熏 there are rape flowers and tung flowers on the mountains. In summer？熏 the mountains get green and filled with vitali-ty. In autumn the dried tung tree leaves fall in colours and in winter snowflakes fly occasionally.

Besides the natural scenery？熏 Liangshuituo is the best spot to watch the little train going through the val-ley？熏 dam and reservoir. The special sightseeing train is scheduled to stop here for visitors to watch the train make steam rainbow. The multi-colour rainbow is fas-cinating and the little steam train is called a master in making rainbow.

當然，小火車線路的站點和景點還多，這里不再逐一列出。

總之，通過對嘉陽小火車歷史沿革、運營現狀、旅游線路及相關景點的英譯情況調研，更加完善嘉陽小火車旅游線路及其景點的英譯，制作中英文對照翻譯的宣傳網站，有助于進一步提升嘉陽小火車的國際知名度，有助于構建樂山旅游國際語言環境，提升樂山旅游的國際化水平，推動樂山打造國際旅游目的地，促進樂山市文化產業經濟的發展。

責任編輯：秦利民