淺談中考英語賓語從句的復(fù)習(xí)方法

關(guān)鍵詞：中考英語 賓語從句

2016年中考即將來臨，對于如何復(fù)習(xí)賓語從句，本人就自己二十幾年的從教經(jīng)驗，參考了眾多的復(fù)習(xí)資料和中考試題及考綱要求，總結(jié)了一套完整的復(fù)習(xí)方法。供大家參考，希望對大家有所幫助。

賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中的非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個句子做另一個句子的賓語，將這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句做介詞或及物動詞的賓語。現(xiàn)在從下列三個方面總結(jié)歸納如下：

一、引導(dǎo)詞

（1）由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句的賓語從句，放在很多動詞如say，think，wish，hope，see，believe， agree，expect，hear，feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。但如果that后面的賓語從句較長時，that不能省略。例：I hope （that） you'll be fine soon.（我希望你盡快康復(fù)。）

（2）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。有些表示思想和感情的動詞如think，believe，suppose，expect之后的賓語從句中的否定式可以移到這些動詞之前。例：I don't suppose you're used to this diet.=I suppose you aren't used to this diet.我想你不習(xí)慣這種飲食。I didn't expect she would pass the entrance examination.=I expected she wouldn't pass the entrance examination.我以為她不能通過入學(xué)考試。

（3）在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone （我認(rèn)為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的）。

（4）由連詞if、whether 引導(dǎo)的表示\"是否…\"的賓語從句。①Whether，if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I don't know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.②但在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)。例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。③賓語從句中結(jié)尾有or not時不用if引導(dǎo).例：I don't know whether the movie star will come or not.④和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.

（5）由wh- 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who， whom， whose， what， which，和連接副詞when， where， why， how 等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中既有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about？ （which做定語）。I don't know where he lives. （where 做地點狀語）。

二、賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，即 連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.

三、賓語從句的時態(tài)

賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制。

（1）主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。

（2）主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。例：She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.

（3）如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.

（4）Could you tell me…是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum？

四、注意事項

（1）由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said： \"I have been to England before.\"

She said that she had been to England before.She asked me： \"Do you like maths？\"She asked me if I liked maths.

（2）賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用\"疑問詞+不定式\"做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：I don't know what I should do next.I don't know what to do next.He didn't know where he would live.He didn't know where to live.