重大環(huán)境污染事件特征污染物實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)技術(shù)系統(tǒng)研究報(bào)告

杜宇國(guó) 莊國(guó)強(qiáng) 郭良宏 程建功 汪海林

摘 要：經(jīng)過(guò)研究人員三年多的努力，取得了以下主要研究成果：（1）研制了快速、靈敏和低成本的常見(jiàn)鹵代烷傳感器及檢測(cè)儀。通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)、合成針對(duì)鹵代烴檢測(cè)用高性能熒光傳感材料，利用納米線陣列的倏逝波效應(yīng)提高了傳感器的熒光強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性和傳感靈敏度。突破了微弱熒光信號(hào)檢測(cè)技術(shù)，開(kāi)發(fā)了便攜式痕量鹵代烴熒光探測(cè)儀。（2）研制了電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫檢測(cè)儀。通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)微孔板電極，并包被免疫試劑，待測(cè)樣品在微孔內(nèi)完成免疫反應(yīng)，檢測(cè)、記錄每個(gè)孔的電化學(xué)發(fā)光信號(hào)，研發(fā)出電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫檢測(cè)儀。（3）研制了熒光免疫傳感器。通過(guò)在一個(gè)微小的基底材料上形成大量的陣列式反應(yīng)區(qū)，每個(gè)反應(yīng)區(qū)獨(dú)立進(jìn)行免疫反應(yīng)和信號(hào)檢測(cè)，研發(fā)了具有高通量、快速、小型化等特點(diǎn)的熒光免疫傳感器。（4）研制了污染事件毒性識(shí)別儀-DNA損傷檢測(cè)儀。研制了毛細(xì)管電泳-柱上激光誘導(dǎo)熒光偏振檢測(cè)裝置，并開(kāi)發(fā)了相應(yīng)的DNA損傷分析方法。（5）研制了重金屬污染和苯系物全細(xì)胞生物傳感螢光檢測(cè)儀。基于重金屬或苯系污染物對(duì)微生物全細(xì)胞生物傳感器的誘導(dǎo)作用，通過(guò)檢測(cè)宿主菌所表達(dá)的螢火蟲(chóng)熒光素酶強(qiáng)度，結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)整合軟件，研發(fā)了重金屬污染和苯系物污染的細(xì)菌全細(xì)胞生物傳感熒光檢測(cè)儀。（6）開(kāi)發(fā)了突然性環(huán)境污染事件污染物應(yīng)急監(jiān)測(cè)輔助系統(tǒng)。研發(fā)了一套包括常見(jiàn)化學(xué)品信息庫(kù)，快速定量色譜庫(kù)和應(yīng)急監(jiān)測(cè)輔助信息庫(kù)三大模塊的突然性環(huán)境污染事件污染物應(yīng)急監(jiān)測(cè)輔助系統(tǒng)。上述研所所取得的成果，必將為污染事件發(fā)生后的快速甄別，對(duì)主要污染物的快速檢測(cè)，為制定突發(fā)性環(huán)境污染事件快速有效處理處置方案具有重要意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境污染；應(yīng)急檢測(cè)；樣品前處理；毒性識(shí)別；應(yīng)急檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)范

Research report of laboratory testing system for typical contaminants released from serious environment pollution accidents

Abstract：With the three-year hard work of all research memebers， we have made some significant progress： （1） Established a low cost， rapid while sensitive sensor and detector for halogenated alkanes. In this study， sensing material with high fluorescene yield for halogenated alkanes detecting were designed and synthsized. The fluorescene intensity， stability and sensitiviety of synthsized sensors were improved by using the evanescent wave effect of nanowile arrays.This study realized the measurement of weak scence signals， and developed a portable fluorescent detector for trace halogenated alkanes. （2） Prepaed an electrochemical luminescence immune detector. The microplate electrodes were designed， the immune agents were coated on the electrodes， the immunation reactions of test samples were occurred within the wells of microplate， and the electrochemical signal of each well was measured and recorded. （3） Synthesized a fluorescent immune sensor. A huge array reaction area was formed on a tiny matrix material， the immunation reaction and fiuorescene signal record in each reaction area was respectively performed. A high-through， rapid and minimized fluorescence immune sensor was developed. （4） Prepared a DNA damage detector. The detecting instrument of capillary electrophoresis-on site laser induced fluorescence polarization was papared， and the method for DNA damage analysis was developed as well. （5） Developed whole cell biosensing fluorescene detectors for heavy metals and benzenes detection. Based on the induction effect of heavy metals and benzenes on microbial whole cell biosesnors， measured the activity intensity of the firefly luciferase expressed by host bacterium， combined the software for data calculation， developed a set of bacterial whole cell biosensing fluorescent detectors for heavy metals and benzenes analysis. （6） Established a set of assistant emergency monitroing system for contaminants released from the sudden environmental pollution accidents. The assistant system composed of three modules including physicochemical database for common chemicals， a rapid and quantitative chormatogram spectra bank， and emergency monitoring assistant information database. The achivements mentioned above will be benefit for rapid identifying of sudden environmental pollution accidents， for rapid detecting of main contaminants， for preparing rapid and effective treatment and deposal strategy to deal with the sudden environmental pollution accidents.

Key words：environmental pollution； emergency monitoring； sample pretreatment； toxicity identification； protocol for emergency monitoring lab

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