朱娜 張媛媛
摘 要:文章通過文獻調(diào)研和案例分析等研究方法,對國外圖書館的3D打印服務研究及實踐進展進行了調(diào)研及分析,研究表明:圖書館引入3D打印服務具有重要意義;圖書館3D打印服務分為自助型、引導型和依托型等3種模式;規(guī)劃與實施內(nèi)容包括設(shè)備引入及管理、營銷及宣傳推廣、成本控制、員工培訓、用戶教育、健康與安全維護、用戶行為規(guī)范以及服務評價;圖書館應當制定服務條款和關(guān)注版權(quán)問題;招募學生助理、構(gòu)建3D模型庫、實行預約制度是值得借鑒的優(yōu)化策略。
關(guān)鍵詞:3D打印;圖書館服務;創(chuàng)客文化;創(chuàng)客空間;3D技術(shù)
中圖分類號: G252 文獻標識碼: A DOI:10.11968/tsyqb.1003-6938.2016099
Abstract This paper interprets the current situation of library 3D printing service abroad, with a view to providing a useful reference for the development and improvement of library 3D printing service in China. It discusses the situation from five aspects based on the methods of literature research and case study. The study shows that it is of great practical significance to implement 3D printing services in the library, the levels of library 3D printing service appear to fit into three categories: self-service, mediated service and space-based service. The contents of planning and implementation include equipment selection and management, promotion and outreach, costs and charges, staff training, user education, health and safety issues, user behavior ruling, and service evaluation. Library should develop related service provision and pay attention to copyright issues. The optimization strategies include recruiting student assistant, constructing 3D model repository and implementing booking system.
Key words 3D printing; library service; maker culture; maker-space; 3D technology
在工業(yè)與制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域,3D打印在形式上已經(jīng)具有20多年的應用史。隨著信息時代的到來和數(shù)字技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,3D打印也已從制造技術(shù)上升為創(chuàng)新理念,對傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟社會生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的演化產(chǎn)生了深遠的重大影響,應用領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)從工程與工業(yè)延伸到醫(yī)療、信息、教育、娛樂、航天、機械、建筑、食品、裝飾等更加廣泛的產(chǎn)業(yè)和行業(yè)。當前語境下的3D打印代表了一種富有想象力的交互式運動,已經(jīng)拓展至更多的創(chuàng)新環(huán)境中,如美國法耶特維爾(Fayetteville)免費圖書館是全美首家構(gòu)建創(chuàng)客空間(Makerspace)的公共圖書館,在該館打造的“神話般的實驗室”(Fab Lab)創(chuàng)客空間里,兩臺3D打印機是硬件資源的新亮點,它可以把用戶的數(shù)字化模型轉(zhuǎn)換成塑料材質(zhì)的實體物品,該館還提供數(shù)字設(shè)計課程以支持用戶開展協(xié)作和創(chuàng)造活動[1]。從2011年下半年開始,更多的圖書館開始引入3D打印機并提供3D打印服務,3D打印已成為圖書館服務創(chuàng)新與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略選擇。……