The Cognitive Impact Of Computer—Assisted Translation（CAT）And Machine Translation（MT）On Professional Legal Translators

楊瑞芬

Abstract：The current study extends past research by elucidating the suitable employment in legal translation of the computer-assisted translation （CAT） and machine translation （MT） technologies， the cognitive process of the translation end product， and the difficult tasks of legal translation. The paper generates insights about the operation of various CAT and MT systems on legal translation， the improvement of diverse CAT and MT tools， and the language constituent of CAT and MT systems. These findings highlight the importance of examining translators perceptions of CAT and MT tools， the utilization of computers in translation undertakings， and the serviceability and shortcomings of CAT and MT technologies.

Key words：CAT；MT；legal translation；technology；language

1. Introduction

MT and CAT both perform the same goal of improving translation efficiency through use of the computer. The former relates particularly to the automation of translation by the agency of attainable computer technology. The latter is aimed to supply appropriate utilities with required language resources to further human translation （Bacalu， 2013）， directed at optimizing the output of translation by associating the strong points of both sides. The assessment of MT/CAT considers the matter of measuring their effectiveness （the value of MT production is at the heart of assessment）. MT production is commonly typified by the absence of a widely acknowledged objective system of measurement for quality quantification. The assessment of MT/CAT necessarily entails the appraisal of its users. （Chunyu and Tak-ming， 2015） Law and language are structurally equivalent： they are created via social practices， leading to efficient and formalized communication systems. The character and range of translation rely on those of the translated stuff. In legal translation， the translator should follow the standards of the foreign language and those of the foreign legal system. Ordinary language involves a formalized manner of communication， while legal language establishes an accompanying system of formalization. Legal translation is destined to employ abstractions， whose meanings arise from specific dynamic cultural and social frameworks.

2. The Suitable Employment in Legal Translation of the CAT and MT Technologies

CAT systems are software applications produced with the particular goal of furthering the swiftness and coherence of human translators. Every CAT system splits a material into “section” （commonly sentences， as determined by punctuation marks） and inspects a bilingual memory for identical （exact match） or similar （fuzzy match） source and translation elements： it enables human translators to reutilize translations from translation memory databases， and employ terminology from terminology databases. （Garcia， 2015） The intricacy of the transfer process differs in conformity with the linguistic varieties between the source and target languages. Online MT can be employed to further legal translation heavily if required data is attainable to its consumers concerning their best option for singling out an MT system to satisfy their translation request in a specific language pair. （Kit and Wong， 2008）

3. The Cognitive Process of the Translation End-product

A translator may attempt to take into consideration the cultural implications of legal language in the operation of converting a legal text stemmed from a cultural and social pattern into another. As law is a prescriptive undertaking， adaptation in legal translation may both attach and remove meaning in the process. Mentalism and mentalizing are included in the schedule for translators when they go across the text boundary to identify the backyard of concepts assembled or separated but articulated into text formats. Perception is the starting point of an elaborate cognitive endeavor which prevails behind translating. Translation is a cognitive process incorporated into the entire mental blueprint inherent in humans， innate for individuals cognitive faculties which are the foundation of the core cognitive metabolism. As the legal system handles chiefly human conduct， the primary function of the verb in the sentence is increased in legal translation.

4. Conclusions

In comparison with assessments by human appraisers （Nica， 2013）， a quintessential alteration in MT assessment is the pervasiveness of automatic appraisal metrics. The serviceability evaluation of MT differs in keeping with the planned employment of system production， apart from translation quality. Various parties concerned in diverse phases of an MT/CAT system are engaged in distinct features of a particular system. Assessment of MT production occurs roughly between reading to grasp and reading to appraise. The ultimate consumer of both MT systems and languages influences the effectiveness of an MT system and assesses the value of its production. The basic purpose of MT is to permit consumers to understand foreign materials. Translators should be acquainted with the legal culture of the target language for the purpose of reformulating a synonymous meaning via what they assess to be the most suitable linguistic and legal phrases. Translation can assist in constructing a universal legal language intended towards clarifying universal legal matters. The relevance of legal language is made obvious if one examines its link to human undertaking. The language of the law is the denotation of objects and the language of subsequent operations. The accessibility of foreign legal texts via legal translation enhances the series of feasible solutions by linking readers to foreign legal cultures.