理清句子結構 識別似是而非

張育陽

中圖分類號：G632 文獻標識碼：B 文章編號：1002-7661（2017）01-084-01

請看下面幾道題：

1. The company and the effect ___ brought about did great good to our business in western countries.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

3. ____ different life today is ____ what it was 30 years ago！

A. How； from B. What a； from C. What； from D. How； with

第一題受思維定勢影響而會錯選B。但只要我們仔細地分析句子結構以及正確理解整個句意，則可看出此題應選D。因為the company和the effect并不是并列作先行詞，只有the effect是先行詞，所以應選it來替代前面的the company在定語從句中作主語，省略了引導定語從句的關系代詞that/ which。本句的意思是：公司以及公司所造成的影響對于我們在西方國家的生意具有很大的好處。

第二題其空格在動詞see之后因此會認為后面應跟動詞不定式而錯選D。但如果分析一下全局的句子結構我們會發現此題是把動詞后的賓語提前，做定語從句的先行詞，而引導定語從句的關系代詞that在定語從句中作賓語，顯然，所選的應在定語從句中作賓語補足語，再根據賓語與不語補足語之間具有邏輯上的主謂關系來判斷，此題應選C。

第三題會認為what修飾a different life而錯選B。事實上，通過分析我們會判斷出此句感嘆的是句子的表語different而不是a different life， 因此次感嘆句應用how來引導。其句子主語是life today。本句的意思是：今天的生活與三十年前相比是多么的不同??！

以上這類選擇題具有很強的迷惑性，這就要求同學們在平時的學習中要培養自己分析長句難句的能力，活學活用所掌握的詞匯、句型。不但要掌握其“形”，而且要掌握其“神”，并要掌握其變化規律。在碰到這類題目時，從理清句子的結構入手，化繁為簡，去枝留干，恢復原狀，判斷這個貌似某一結構的句子的真實面目，然后再做選出選擇。

鞏固練習：

1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could ____ his oral English before going abroad.

A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving

2. Everything he ____ away from him before he returned to hid hometown.

A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken

3. Im busy now. Im sorry I cant help ____ the flowers.

A. watering B. watered C. waters C. to water

4. The more he thought about it， the more questions he thought of ____.

A. to be asked B. being asked C. asking D. to ask

5. ---- I dont like him， ____？

---- No， I dont at all.

A. do you B. do I C. didnt you D. dont you

6. The girl ____ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A. referred to look B. refers to looking C. refers to looking D. referring to looking

7. ____ different good manners may be in different places， the principle of good manners is always the same everywhere.

A. Although B. However C. Even if D. No matter

8. ---- What are you making a long neck？

---- Im looking forward ____ what is going on over there.

A. see B. to see C. to seeing D. seeing

9. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ____ your house.

A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding

10. Who would you rather ____ an article for the wall-newspaper？

A. have write B. have to write C. write D. have written

11. The wonderful time they have been looking forward to ____ arrived.

A. had B. has C. have D. having

12. Has the boy who was made use of ____ realized his mistake？

A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. for stealing

13. We must stop pollution _____ longer.

A. living B. from living C. to live D. live

答案與解析：

1. D 此題考查句型devote … to… （to為介詞），all作devote的賓語，all后又有定語從句he could。整個句子補全應為：Mr.Li made up his mind to devote all he could devote to improving his oral English before going abroad.故正確答案位D。

2. C 如若理不清句子結構，很容易錯選B。這里he had是定語從句，省略了關系代詞that。

3. D 句意為“對不起我不能幫忙澆花”，因此，help后應跟不定式做其賓語。

4. D to ask作the more questions的定語。此句改為陳述語序則為：he thought of more questions to ask。

5. A根據下文的回答No， I dont at all則可發現前一句并不是反意疑問句而是在詢問對方的看法，所以應選答案A，它是Do you like him？的省略形式。全句的意思是：我不喜歡她，你呢？

6. C referred to在句中作后置定語，修飾the girl。

7. A however修飾different并引導讓步狀語從句。Good manners是從句的主語。

8. B 此句中的look forward to并不是表示“期待，盼望”而是“向前看”，因此應選動詞不定式表示目的。

9. B have difficulty （in） doing sth. 省略了in。

10. A 本題考查have sb. co sth.，本句改為陳述句為you would rather have whom write report instead of you.

11. B they have been looking forward to是定語從句，省略了關系代詞that， that作介詞to的賓語。

12. C 如果把此句改為主動語態則為：sb. make use of the boy to steal，to steal在句中作目的狀語。

13. C to live longer在句中作目的狀語。