“多變”的強調結構

張育陽

中圖分類號：G632 文獻標識碼：B 文章編號：1002-7661（2017）01-162-01

強調結構是由“It + be + 被強調成分+ that +句子的其它成分”構成，該句型強調除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。但是在對該句型進行考查時，往往通過改變其句子結構以及相似句型的區別來考查學生對其掌握的熟練程度以及靈活運用該句型的能力，這就使得一部分學生感到對該句型掌握困難、運用很棘手覺。為了便于同學們掌握，本文就此問題歸納如下：

一、強調句型變化形式的歸納

1、以一般疑問句的形式出現

例1 Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert？

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself

【解析】從句子所提供的語境“that I saw last night at the concert”來看，句中缺少賓語，再根據整個結構可判斷出該句是強調結構，強調部分應是句子的賓語。因此應選A。

2、以特殊疑問句的形式出現

例2 Why！ I have nothing to confess. ___ you want to say？

A. What is it that B. what it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that

【解析】我們把此句按下列順序解析其結構變化：① 補全所缺成分：It was this book that he bought yesterday. ②對劃線部分提問 What was it that he bought yesterday？ ，顯然，答案應為A。再如：

____ is it ____ has made Tom ____ he is today？

A. What； that： that B. That； that； what C. What； what； that D. What； that； what

通過運用以上步驟分析可知，答案應為D。

3、強調結構以名詞性從句的形式出現

例3 I”ve already forgotten ___ you put the dictionary.

A. that it is there B. where was it that C. that where was D. where it was that

【解析】為了更好地理解，正確地做題，我們也可采用以下步驟進行分析：①把原句復原：It was on the shelf that I put the dictionary.②對劃線部分提問：Where was it that you put the dictionary？③將其用于賓語從句中，注意此時的語序應為陳述語序：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.由此可見，答案應為D。

4、與not…until句型相結合

例4 It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. （07浙江卷） A. was until； when B. was until； that C. wasnt until； when D. wasnt until； that

【解析】當要強調句子的某一成分（一般是句子的主語、賓語、狀語）時，通常用“it is/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子的其余部分”這種句子結構。如果被強調的部分是表示人的意義的名詞時可以用who或that；但是，無論被強調的部分是表示地點、還是表示時間意義的名詞，都不可以用where或者when。在“not...until..”結構中，如果強調until引導的時間狀語或時間狀語從句，則必須把not一起提到被強調部分中。該句對until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks進行強調，所以要用“It was not until…that+句子其余成分”這種結構。因此答案為D。

二、與強調句型相似的句型歸納

1、It +be +adj./n. / 過去分詞+that +從句

此句型為主語從句，其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是“that+從句”；句型中的adj./ n. / 過去分詞作表語。

例1 It is our belief ___ improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.

A. that B. what C. which D. how

【解析】根據句意“我們堅信醫療保健的改進將會導致經濟強大繁榮的發展”可判斷出it是形式主語，真正的主語是that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy。因此答案為A。

2、It + be + 表示一段時間的名詞+ since +從句

此句型表示“自……以來”，當since從句用過去時態時，主句應用is；如果從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時態，主句則用was。此外，當從句中謂語動詞是非延續性動詞，表示“自該動作發生以來到現在”；如果是延續性動詞，則表示“自該動作結束以來到現在”。

例2 That was really a splendid evening. Its years ___ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

【解析】“It is/ was + 一段時間”后接時間狀語從句時，常常用since引導。如果從句的謂語動詞是延續性動詞，表示“有很長時間沒那么做了”。這個句子的意思是“我多年沒有那么高興了。”如果謂語動詞是非延續行動詞，表示“從那時開始，到目前為止有多長時間了”。例如：It is five years since I began to learn English.我學了五年英語。此題答案為D。

3、It + be +表示一段時間的名詞+ before +從句

在此句型中，before引導時間狀語從句，意思是“在……之前”。如果主句是肯定形式，整個句子意思是“過……時間才會……”；如果主句是否定形式，則整個句意為“不到……時間就會……”。

例3 Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A. when B. until C. since D. before

【解析】根據從句中謂語動詞的時態“it is…”以及句意“科學家們說要過五、六年時間才能用于病人身上檢驗這種藥”。故此題答案為D。再如：It wasnt long before the news got around.（不久這個消息就傳開了）

鞏固練習：

1. It was not until she got home ___ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

2. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance. （07重慶卷）

A. which B. it C. that D. this

3. ---- Where did you get to know her？ （07山東卷）

----It was on the farm _____ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

4. I have always been honest and straightforward， and it doesnt matter ___ Im talking to.

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

5. ---- Did Jack come back early last night？

---- Yes. It was not yet eight oclock ___ he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

Keys： 1 ～ 5 BCDBB