游先紅+丁亞瓊

摘要:目的 研究光棒引導(dǎo)氣管插管技術(shù)在院前急救困難氣管插管中的應(yīng)用。方法 將光棒以“門(mén)齒上緣-甲狀軟骨角”(門(mén)-甲垂線(xiàn))處塑形成70°~90° “J”字形,再外套氣管導(dǎo)管,沿口咽中軸線(xiàn)探查至咽腔,打開(kāi)光源,利用頸部軟組織的透光性,在環(huán)甲膜處見(jiàn)清晰的光斑和(或)見(jiàn)光束沿氣管軸傳導(dǎo)即順勢(shì)送入氣管導(dǎo)管,同時(shí)拔出光棒。結(jié)果 18例均插管成功;其中1次成功17例(94.44%),完成插管時(shí)間(27±16)s,插管嗆咳8例(44.44%),24 h內(nèi)隨訪(fǎng)無(wú)明顯其它并發(fā)癥。結(jié)論 光棒引導(dǎo)氣管插管技術(shù)應(yīng)用于院前急救困難氣管插管,是安全有效、簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用、易于掌握、值得推薦應(yīng)用的急救技術(shù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:光棒引導(dǎo);氣管插管;院前急救;困難氣管插管
Abstract:Objective To study the light rod-guided tracheal intubation technique of emergency treatment of difficult tracheal intubation in pre hospital.Methods To "stick on the edge of the incisors-thyroid cartilage angle"(a vertical gate)at 70°~90° plastic forming"J"shape,and then coat the endotracheal tube in the oropharynx,along the axis to the exploration of the pharyngeal cavity,open the light transmittance using the soft tissues of the neck,see clear spot and place in thyrocricoid(or)see the light beam along the axis of tracheal conduction that homeopathy into the endotracheal tube, and simultaneously pull rod.Results 18 cases were successfully intubated.17 cases were successful in 1 cases(94.44%),the time of intubation(27±16)s, 8 cases of intubation cough(44.44%),24 h follow-up,no obvious other complications.Conclusion Light rod-guided tracheal intubation technique is a safe and effective,simple and practical,easy to master,it is recommended to apply the first aid technique.
Key words:Light rod-guided;Tracheal intubation;Pre-hospital first aid;Difficult tracheal intubation
光棒引導(dǎo)氣管插管技術(shù)是美國(guó)麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(ASA)《困難氣道管理指南》(2013版)中常用困難氣管插管技術(shù)之一[1]。已廣泛用于全麻困難氣管插管[2],用于院前急救困難氣管插管的報(bào)道很少。本研究將此技術(shù)應(yīng)用于院前急救困難氣管插管取得了一定效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料 本研究經(jīng)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),選擇2015年1月~12月院前急救困難氣管插管患者18例,男11例,女7 例,平均年齡(60±38)歲,體重(60±35)kg。腦傷、腦溢血昏迷者5例,呼衰5例,其他8例;張口度<2 cm 1例;頦甲間距< 6.5 cm 3例;頸椎活動(dòng)受限1例;Mallampati分級(jí)Ⅲ~Ⅳ者13 例。
1.2困難氣道的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)培訓(xùn)的院前急救主治醫(yī)師現(xiàn)場(chǎng)評(píng)估患者具有下列情形之一者:張口度<2 cm;頦甲間距<6.5 cm;Mallampati分級(jí)Ⅲ~Ⅳ;BIM≥30;頸椎活動(dòng)受限。
1.3方法
1.3.1患者準(zhǔn)備 按中國(guó)重癥加強(qiáng)治療病房鎮(zhèn)靜和……