靳海峰,趙 敏,趙 亮,王 力,吳 崢,趙會懂,侯會池,朱焱華,孫 蓉,姚 欣,吳曉云,谷建芳
p75NTR在胃癌組織中的表達及臨床意義
靳海峰,趙 敏,趙 亮,王 力,吳 崢,趙會懂,侯會池,朱焱華,孫 蓉,姚 欣,吳曉云,谷建芳
目的 探討p75NTR在胃癌組織中的表達及臨床意義。方法 選擇2015年1月—2016年1月在解放軍白求恩國際和平醫院行手術切除的胃癌60例,將其胃癌組織標本作為研究對象,根據患者淋巴結是否轉移及病灶浸潤深度進行分組。統計比較淋巴結轉移陰性組、淋巴結轉移陽性組以及病灶浸潤肌層組、病灶浸潤全層組p75NTR檢測情況,并對淋巴結轉移陰性組和淋巴結轉移陽性組治療后生活質量進行比較。結果 淋巴結轉移陰性組p75NTR檢出陽性率顯著高于淋巴結轉移陽性組,兩組比較差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。病灶浸潤肌層組p75NTR檢出陽性率顯著高于病灶浸潤全層組,兩組比較差異亦具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。治療后淋巴結轉移陰性組日常生活能力評分、軀體功能評分、心理功能評分及社會功能評分均顯著高于淋巴結轉移陽性組,兩組比較差異均具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 p75NTR水平檢測可提示胃癌組織淋巴結轉移情況以及病灶浸潤深度,p75NTR水平檢測可作為預測胃癌患者預后情況的依據。
胃腫瘤;p75NTR;基因表達
現已有文獻報道顯示,胃癌是世界范圍內嚴重危害公眾健康的一種疾病,我國是胃癌高發國家,在我國各類惡性腫瘤疾病中胃癌發病率居第4位[1-3]。相關資料表明,p75NTR對多種腫瘤組織性質判斷以及對多種腫瘤患者生存以及預后水平影響有重要意義[4-5]。為探討p75NTR在胃癌組織中的表達及臨床意義,本研究選擇胃癌60例的組織標本作為研究對象進行分析,并對患者的臨床資料進行回顧分析,現報告如下。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2015年1月—2016年1月在解放軍白求恩國際和平醫院行手術切除的胃癌60例,男43例,女17例;年齡35~70(52.6±3.8)歲;病程1~3個月。所有患者皆經胃鏡活組織病理檢查明確診斷,腫瘤位于胃體小彎及胃竇部,病理檢查均示腺癌,臨床分期T3NxM0。擇期行原發癌以及區域淋巴結切除(胃癌根治術)治療,術前均未行系統性放化療干預。選取此60例胃癌組織標本作為研究對象。本研究內容經院醫學倫理委員會批準,且患者簽署知情同意書。
1.2 分組 根據患者術后病理檢查淋巴結是否轉移將60例分為淋巴結轉移陰性組(n=30)和淋巴結轉移陽性組(n=30);根據患者術后病理檢查病灶浸潤深度將60例分為病灶浸潤肌層組(n=30)和病灶浸潤全層組(n=30)。
1.3 觀察指標及方法 統計比較淋巴結轉移陰性組、淋巴結轉移陽性組以及浸潤肌層組、浸潤全層組p75NTR檢出情況,并對淋巴結轉移陰性組和淋巴結轉移陽性組治療后[均給予FOLFOX4(奧沙利鉑、亞葉酸鈣、氟尿嘧啶)方案化療8個周期]生活質量進行比較。采用SP法進行免疫組織化學檢查,常規石蠟切片并經二甲苯脫蠟,抗原微波修復后進行孵育處理,p75NTR定位于細胞質,以可見棕黃色改變或顯現棕褐色顆粒為陽性判斷依據。生活質量采用日常生活能力(ADL)評分、軀體功能評分、心理功能評分及社會功能評分進行評定。

淋巴結轉移陰性組p75NTR檢出陽性率為100.00%(30/30),顯著高于淋巴結轉移陽性組20.00%(6/30),兩組比較差異有統計學意義(χ2=14.276,P<0.001),兩組典型病例病理檢查結果見圖1、圖2。病灶浸潤肌層組p75NTR檢出陽性率為66.67%(20/30),顯著高于病灶浸潤全層組43.33%(13/30),兩組比較差異具有統計學意義(χ2=7.589,P<0.001),兩組典型病例病理檢查結果見圖3、圖4。治療后淋巴結轉移陰性組ADL評分、軀體功能評分、心理功能評分及社會功能評分,均顯著高于淋巴結轉移陽性組,兩組比較差異均具有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。

圖1 淋巴結轉移陰性胃癌患者p75NTR檢測情況(男,63歲;免疫組織化學×200)
圖2 淋巴結轉移陽性胃癌患者p75NTR檢測情況(男,55歲;免疫組織化學×200)
圖3 病灶浸潤肌層胃癌患者p75NTR檢測情況(女,61歲;免疫組織化學×200)
圖4 病灶浸潤全層胃癌患者p75NTR檢測情況(女,49歲;免疫組織化學×200)

表1 淋巴結是否轉移胃癌兩組治療后生活質量評定比較±s,分)
胃癌是常見惡性腫瘤,為侵襲性強、致死率高的難治性惡性腫瘤。胃癌發展到一定程度后就會發生轉移,胃癌早期多數患者癥狀不典型,而且胃癌病程較短,有相當一部分胃癌患者在確診之時已有明顯轉移癥狀,并很快出現惡病質[6-9]。有研究顯示,胃癌淋巴結轉移是胃癌轉移的重要途徑,而且發生較早。淋巴結轉移占胃癌轉移70%,胃下部癌腫常轉移至幽門下、胃下及腹腔動脈旁等淋巴結,而上部癌腫常轉移至胰旁、賁門旁、胃上等淋巴結[10-11]。晚期胃癌可轉移至主動脈周圍及膈上淋巴結。由于腹腔淋巴結與胸導管直接交通,故胃癌還可轉移至左鎖骨上淋巴結[12]。胃癌患者隨著癌腫增長,侵犯胃壁愈深愈廣,轉移機會就愈多。臨床上根據胃癌轉移的先后順序可將胃癌轉移部位分為3組:第一組距離瘤體最近,為貼于胃壁上的淺組淋巴結,一般發生在胃癌局限于黏膜下層時[13];第二組系引流淺淋巴結的深組淋巴結,當胃癌侵犯肌層時可發生第二組淋巴結轉移;第三組包括腹腔動脈旁、腹主動脈、肝門、腸系膜根部及結腸中動脈周圍淋巴結,也可發生遠處淋巴結轉移,如左鎖骨上淋巴結,此組轉移多為癌腫侵犯至漿膜時發生[14]。一般而言,發生第三組淋巴結轉移時胃癌患者已失去了根治的機會。因此,胃癌的綜合治療已受到廣泛重視,其中術前放化療成為臨床研究局部晚期胃癌治療的一大熱點。胃癌術前放化療的目的首先是使腫瘤瘤體縮小,其次是降低胃癌腫瘤分期,再次是提高腫瘤根治性切除率和手術切除完整性,然后是降低淋巴結轉移率和圍術期并發癥發生率,最后為提高生存率并降低殘端癌發生率。
p75NTR基因屬于腫瘤壞死因子家族成員之一[15],是一種擁有死亡受體的結構神經營養因子受體,現有關p75NTR的功能研究主要集中在中樞神經系統方面,主要作用是調控神經細胞的生長、發育和分化等[15]。p75NTR可以表達于多種組織、器官和腫瘤中。它在腫瘤中的確切作用機制目前研究還未完全闡明,在胃癌中的表達和作用機制亦仍然不十分清楚。研究表明p75NTR可以介導多種不同類型細胞死亡和增殖,這主要依賴于細胞所處的環境[5]。除了神經系統,它還表達于諸如乳腺癌[16]、急性淋巴細胞性白血病[17]、乳頭狀甲狀腺癌[18]、胰腺癌[19]和前列腺癌[20]等多種腫瘤組織。p75NTR作為潛在的腫瘤抑制因子之一,有報道顯示它可以有效抑制前列腺癌和膀胱癌細胞的生長和增殖[21],但也有研究報道它可以作為生存受體促進黑色素瘤細胞的腦轉移[22],這一矛盾的研究結果提示p75NTR在不同環境以及不同腫瘤病灶中可能發揮不同作用[3]。腫瘤細胞增殖過程中細胞周期啟動依賴于幾個經典的細胞周期依賴激酶(cdks),細胞周期蛋白(Cyclin)D與增殖細胞核抗原(PCNA)的復合物已被證實可以促進細胞周期早期過程中Rb的磷酸化[23],而在細胞周期的G1/S期的結尾,cyclin E與cdk2的復合物同樣可以促進Rb的磷酸化[24-25],這些都是p75NTR在部分腫瘤中抑制細胞增殖的作用機制[20]。同樣,既往也有研究表明,腫瘤侵襲和轉移需要腫瘤相關蛋白酶發揮作用,這些酶可以促進腫瘤細胞周圍基質和基底膜的降解[26],這些酶包括尿激酶型纖維蛋白酶原激活劑(uPA)、基質金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)及其抑制劑(TIMPs),它們在胃癌等腫瘤細胞的侵襲和轉移過程中發揮了重要的作用[27-30]。
本研究結果顯示淋巴結轉移陰性組p75NTR檢出陽性率顯著高于淋巴結轉移陽性組,病灶浸潤肌層組p75NTR檢出陽性率顯著高于病灶浸潤全層組,治療后淋巴結轉移陰性組ADL評分、軀體功能評分、心理功能評分及社會功能評分均顯著高于淋巴結轉移陽性組。提示在胃癌組織中p75NTR與淋巴結轉移以及病灶浸潤深度均有密切的相關性,可作為胃癌臨床診斷與預后預測的重要依據之一,這與以往研究報道一致[22]。p75NTR是否通過調控細胞周期或者uPA和MMPs等因子參與胃癌細胞的生長和轉移?其調控的信號通路又是什么?還有待于進一步的深入研究。
總之,本研究結果提示p75NTR水平檢測可提示胃癌組織淋巴結轉移情況以及病灶浸潤深度,p75NTR水平檢測可作為預測胃癌患者預后情況的依據。
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Expression and Clinical Significance of p75NTR in Gastric Cancer
JIN Hai-feng1a, ZHAO Min2, ZHAO Liang1b, WANG Li1c, WU Zheng3, ZHAO Hui-dong1d, HOU Hui-chi1e, ZHU Yan-hua1f, SUN Rong1a, YAO Xin1a, WU Xiao-yun1a, GU Jian-fang1f
(a. Department of Gastroenterology, b. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, c. Health Management Center, d. Editorial Department, e. Department of General Surgery, f. Department of Medical Affairs, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050082, China; 2. Clinical Supervising Technician of Army Staff, Beijing 100042, China; 3. Department of Biotherapy, the Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China)
Objective To analyze the expression and clinical significance of p75NTR in gastric cancer. Methods A total of 60 samples of gastric cancer undergoing surgical resection of gastric cancer during January 2015 and January 2016 were selected as the study subjects. The content of the study in accordance with the medical ethics will be approved and for patients to understand, signed an informed consent. Retrospective analysis of clinical data of all patients. The positive rate of p75NTR in patients with lymph node metastasis negative group, positive group and the depth of invasion of the muscle layer group, all patients were detected, the positive rate was statistically analyzed. The quality of life was compared between lymph node metastasis positive group and negative group after chemotherapy. Results The positive rate of p75NTR in lymph node metastasis negative group was significantly higher than that in lymph node metastasis positive group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rate of p75NTRin infiltration depth of muscular layer was significantly higher than that of the depth of infiltration whole layer group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the rating scales of viability, physical function, mental function and society function of lymph node metastasis negative patients were significantly higher than those of lymph node metastasis positive group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Expression of p75NTR in gastric carcinoma tissue can pretest cancerous tissue lymph node metastasis and invasion depth, and therefore clinical introduction of p75NTR index detection can basis as the effective prediction in prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
Stomach neoplasms; p75NTR; Gene expression
全國優秀博士學位論文作者專項資金資助項目(201363)
050082 石家莊,解放軍白求恩國際和平醫院消化內科(靳海峰、孫蓉、姚欣、吳曉云),心胸外科(趙亮),健康管理中心(王力),編輯部(趙會懂),普通外科(侯會池),醫務部(朱焱華、谷建芳);100042 北京,陸軍參謀部門診部(趙敏);050011 石家莊,河北醫科大學第四醫院生物治療中心(吳崢)
R593.23
A
1002-3429(2017)05-0094-04
10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.05.029
2017-02-22 修回時間:2017-03-21)