王飛鵬+白衛國



摘 要:為農村老人提供可及的基本養老服務是農村養老保障體系建設的基本目標和重要標準。在現實中,農村老人基本養老服務供給和基本養老服務體系建設遠滯后于需求。現有研究主要從產業分工到養老服務供給與需求的角度給予分析,但缺乏從可及性角度展開深入研究。本文以中國農村基本養老服務實際狀況為基礎,融合可及性內涵,借鑒“需求”和“供給”的分類,參考“匹配”的思路,形成可及性內容,應用層次分析法和可及性分析展開研究,并以此對山東省17個地級市農村調研數據進行分析。研究表明,目前農村老人以居家養老為主,疾病支出已成為農村老人的主要負擔,其基本養老服務可及性總體較低,且地區差異較大。為此,應加強城鄉基本養老服務均等化建設,在縮小地區和城鄉差距的同時,進一步加大農村養老服務體系和服務能力建設,尤其要建立健全農村老人養老的家庭支持與社會支持的平衡機制,為農村老人提供可及的基本養老服務。
關鍵詞:可及性;養老服務;農村老人;層次分析法
中圖分類號:F323.89 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1000-4149(2017)04-0054-09
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2017.04.006
Research on the Accessibility of Rural Basic Pension Services:
Based on 17 Cities of Shandong Province Survey Data
WANG Feipeng1,BAI Weiguo2
(1.School of Business Administration, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, Yantai
264005, China; 2. Green World Low-Carbon Economy﹠Technology Center, Beijing 100053, China)
Abstract:It is the basic goal and important standard of the rural old-age security system to provide the basic old-age service for the rural elderly. In reality, the basic old-age service supply and the basic pension service system of rural elderly are far behind the demand. The existing research has been analyzed from the industrial division of labor to the supply of the basic old-age services and demand.
Based on the 17 cities survey data in Shandong province, this paper analysis the accessibility of rural basic pension, using the analytic hierarchy process and the accessibility analysis.
The results show that at present, the elderly in rural areas are mainly depend on home care, the expenditure of disease has become the main burden of the elderly in rural areas, and the basic pension services are generally low, and the regional differences are large. Therefore, we should strengthen the construction of urban and rural equalization of basic pension services, to narrow the regional and urban-rural gap at the same time, to further increase the rural old-age service system and capacity building, especially to establish and improve the rural elderly pension family support and social support mechanism, and provide basic care services for the elderly in rural areas.
Keywords:accessibility; service for the aged; rural residents; analytic hierarchy process
一、引言
2015年中國60歲及以上的老年人口數量達2.22億(占總人口比例為16.1%),65歲及以上的老年人口數為1.44億(占比10.5%)[1]。預計到2050年中國將有35%的人口超過60歲[2],
人口老齡化帶來如何養老的嚴峻問題,在農村尤為突出。一方面,農村雖然生育率高于城市,但人口基數大,加上在工業化和城鎮化進程中的大批農村剩余勞動力向城鎮轉移,使得農村人口老齡化程度更為明顯。另一方面,隨著農村社會結構變革、家庭規??s小以及小城鎮的快速發展,傳統的農村養老方式——家庭養老功能呈現逐漸弱化態勢,而相應的養老保障體系尚未健全,這些都使得農村老年人面對持續增長的生活成本經常處于“住不起”、“用不起”的困境。因此,在推動農業現代化和新農村建設中,為農村老人提供可及的基本養老服務endprint