鄭麗文
【摘要】 目的 比較中心靜脈導管與粗硅膠管胸腔閉式引流治療新生兒氣胸的臨床療效。方法 64例新生兒氣胸患兒, 按抽簽分組方式分為對照組和觀察組, 各32例。對照組采用粗硅膠管進行胸腔閉式引流治療, 觀察組采用中心靜脈導管進行胸腔閉式引流治療, 觀察臨床效果。結果 觀察組患兒并發癥發生率為6.25%, 低于對照組的37.50%, 差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患兒撤離呼吸機時間、傷口愈合時間、拔引流管時間均短于對照組, 差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患兒出血量、操作時間、肺復張時間均優于對照組, 差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 中心靜脈導管胸腔閉式引流治療新生兒氣胸患兒效果優于粗硅膠管胸腔閉式引流, 且安全性更高, 值得新生兒科臨床推廣。
【關鍵詞】 中心靜脈導管;粗硅膠管;胸腔閉式引流;新生兒氣胸
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.25.013
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of central venous catheters and thick silicone tube for closed thoracic drainage in the treatment of neonatal pneumothorax. Methods A total of 64 pneumothorax neonates were divided by lottery grouping method into control group and observation group, with 32 cases in each group. The control group was treated with closed thoracic drainage by thick silicone tube, and the observation group was treated with closed thoracic drainage by central venous catheters. Clinical effect was observed. Results The observation group had lower incidence of complications as 6.25% than 37.50% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The observation group had shorter ventilator evacuation time, wound healing time and drainage tube extubation time than the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The observation group had better bleeding volulme, operation time and lung reoperation time than the control group, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Closed thoracic drainage by central venous catheters provides better effect than thick silicone tube, and it shows higher safety. So it is worthy of clinical promotion in neonatology department.
【Key words】 Central venous catheters; Thick silicone tube; Closed thoracic drainage; Neonatal pneumothorax
新生兒氣胸發病率為1%~2%, 目前發病機制尚未明確, 大部分患兒表現為呼吸急促, 部分患兒可出現發紺、呼吸困難等癥狀, 同時大部分患兒窒息經復蘇后, 出現的呼吸困難經吸氧后無法改善[1]。新生兒發生氣胸后肺受壓迫, 氣體交換困難, 心排出量減低, 若存在縱隔移位, 會很快出現呼吸循環衰竭, 此時必須采取積極有效的治療措施, 否則極易導致新生兒死亡。目前臨床上對于氣胸患兒, 常使用胸腔穿刺抽氣治療和胸腔閉式引流治療, 其均可達到較為顯著的效果, 但胸腔穿刺抽氣創傷性較大, 可對患兒造成較大影響, 而胸腔閉式引流能夠彌補胸腔穿刺抽氣不足之處, 其能夠保證引流的通暢性, 減輕對新生兒的損傷性[2]。隨著近年來胸腔閉式引流的廣泛應用, 發現傳統的粗硅膠管并發癥較多, 為了改善此類現象, 臨床學者嘗試將中心靜脈導管應用于臨床, 其效果顯著[3]。本文旨在探索比較中心靜脈導管與粗硅膠管胸腔閉式引流治療新生兒氣胸的臨床療效, 具體報告如下?!?br>