徐向陽 倪紅艷 胡海峰
【摘要】 目的 通過七氟醚與丙泊酚靜吸復合麻醉與單純丙泊酚全憑靜脈麻醉在小兒泌尿外科手術中的應用比較, 觀察其麻醉效果和臨床安全性。方法 60 例小兒泌尿外科手術患兒, 隨機分為丙泊酚靜脈麻醉復合七氟醚吸入麻醉組(A組, 30例)和丙泊酚全憑靜脈麻醉組(B組, 30例), 觀察兩組麻醉和手術操作時患兒心率(HR)、收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP), 記錄停藥后兩組患兒的自主呼吸恢復、拔管時間和術后麻醉并發癥(術后躁動、喉痙攣、低氧血癥)的發生情況。結果 B組患兒在氣管插管、切皮以及拔除氣管導管時HR、SBP、DBP 變化較A組患兒顯著, 差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。A組患兒自主呼吸恢復時間為(3.1±1.5)min、拔管時間為(5.5±2.3)min, 均短于B組患兒的(8.3±2.7)、(10.4±4.4)min,
差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。A組患兒煩躁0例, B組患兒煩躁5例, 兩組患兒比較差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);兩組患兒均未發生低氧血癥、喉痙攣。結論 小兒泌尿外科手術中采用丙泊酚靜脈麻醉復合七氟醚吸入麻醉, 術中患兒生命體征更穩定, 麻醉蘇醒更快更平穩, 術后無明顯并發癥, 更適于該類手術。
【關鍵詞】 七氟醚;兒童;泌尿外科手術;丙泊酚
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.25.065
【Abstract】 Objective To observe the anesthesia effect and clinical safety of sevoflurane and propofol intravenous inhalation compound anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia with simple propofol in pediatric urology surgery. Methods A total of 60 pediatrics with urology surgery were randomly divided into propofol intravenous anesthesia combined with sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia group (group A, 30 cases) and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol group (group B, 30 cases). Observation were made on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during anesthesia and operation, and record were made on spontaneous respiratory recovery, extubation time and occurrence of postoperative anesthesia complications (postoperative agitation, laryngeal spasm, hypoxemia) after discontinuation in two groups. Results Group B had significantly higher changes of HR, SBP and DBP in tracheal intubation, skin incision and tracheal extubation than those in group A, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Group A had spontaneous respiratory recovery time as (3.1±1.5) min, extubation time as (5.5±2.3) min, which were all shorter than (8.3±2.7) and (10.4±4.4) min in group B, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Group A had 0 dysphoria case, which was 5 cases in group B, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Both groups had no cases of hypoxemia and laryngeal spasm. Conclusion With combined propofol intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in pediatric urology surgery, the vital signs of children are more stable, and the anesthesia recovery is faster and more stable. There are no obvious complications after operation, so it is more suitable for such surgery.
【Key words】 Sevoflurane; Children; Urology surgery; Propofol
小兒泌尿外科手術因為患兒年齡較小, 各器官發育不成熟, 對手術的恐懼不配合等原因, 加大麻醉實施的風險和困難, 因此對麻醉要求比較高。本文通過對全憑靜脈麻醉和靜吸復合麻醉在該類手術中的應用比較, 期望獲得更加安全的麻醉方法。現報告如下。endprint
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2015年3月~2017年3月在本院擇期行泌尿外科手術60 例患兒, 男 38 例, 女22 例, 年齡2~8 歲, 平均年齡4.6 歲。所有患兒美國麻醉醫師協會(ASA)分級1~2級,
氣道分級1~3級, 其中包皮環切42例, 精索靜脈曲張18例;麻醉方式均為氣管插管全身麻醉。將患兒隨機分為A組和B組, 每組30例。兩組患兒一般資料比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05), 具有可比性。見表1。
1. 2 方法 所有患兒術前禁食6~8 h, 禁飲2 h;患兒入室后常規監測心電圖(ECG)、脈搏氧飽和度(SPO2)、SBP、DBP, 開放靜脈通路, 給予戊乙奎醚0.02 mg/kg。誘……