曹 紅
電影對白的會話含義研究——以《阿甘正傳》為例
曹 紅
以格萊斯的會話含義理論和合作原則作為理論框架,通過對人物對白的剖析,探討主人公阿甘的性格特點,剖析其中蘊含的會話含義以及功能。會話含義 合作原則 電影對白 《阿甘正傳》《阿甘正傳》講述了一個低能兒阿甘堅持本心走向成功的故事。有關(guān)電影各個方面的研究也不少,然而,卻鮮有運用會話含義理論去研究本片。因此,作者試圖分析人物對白中豐富的會話含義以及功能,以期能更好的理解和欣賞本片。
首先是阿甘和黑人婦女的對話:
Forrest: Hello, My name’s Forrest Gump.
Black Woman: (Silent)
Forrest: You want a chocolate?
Black Woman: (Silent)
Forrest: I could eat about a million and a half of these. My momma always said, “Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.”
Forrest: Those must be comfortable shoes. I’ll bet you could walk all day in shoes like that and not feel a thing. I wish I had shoes like that.
Black Woman: My feet hurt.
Forrest: Momma always says there’s an awful lot you could tell about a person by their shoes. Where they’re going, where they’ve been.
Forrest: I’ve worn lots of shoes. I bet if I think about it real hard I could remember my first pair of shoes. Momma said they’d take me anywhere.
黑人女士的回答“My feet hurt”顯然并不清晰、準確,違反了合作原則的“避免模糊不清”。而她真正想傳達的是她并不想和阿甘交流。但阿甘并未意識到這一點,仍然繼續(xù)自己的話題,違反了合作原則中“話題要相關(guān)”。
第二段選取的是阿甘和媽媽的對話:
Mrs. Gump: Remember what I told you, Forrest.You’re no different than anybody else is.
Forrest: (Silent).
Mrs. Gump: Did you hear what I said, Forrest? You’re the same as everybody else. You are no different.
“different”是委婉語,即不笨。然而就我們所知,他的智力是低于正常人的。阿甘媽媽顯然在說她認為并不正確的事,違反了合作原則中質(zhì)量原則。而阿甘媽媽反復(fù)重述那句話,違反了合作原則中的“要簡潔”的原則。
第三段選自阿甘和總統(tǒng)的對話:
President Kennedy: Congratulations. How does it feel to be an All-American?
1st Player: It’s an honor, Sir.
President Kennedy: Congratulations. How does it feel to be an All-American?
2nd Player: Very good, Sir.
President Kennedy: Congratulations. How does it feel to be an All-American?
3rd Player: Very good, Sir.
President Kennedy: Congratulations. How do you feel?
Forrest: I gotta pee.
President Kennedy: I believe he said he had to go pee.
總統(tǒng)問他作為全美足球隊員的感受,阿甘卻錯誤地理解為問他身體的感覺。阿甘對話語意思的誤讀源自于“feel”這一詞義的不同理解。這里顯然違反了合作原則的“方式原則”。此處也產(chǎn)生了電影的喜劇效果。
綜上分析,阿甘是一個在智力上有缺陷,但仍舊擁有許多珍貴品質(zhì)的人;盡管黑人女士對阿甘表現(xiàn)出了漠視,阿甘依舊表達出善意以及真誠之心;阿甘和司機的對話中,阿甘雖然智力低于常人,可依然很有禮貌,并且能夠牢記媽媽的忠告,足見阿甘的可愛與單純。例子無一不顯示了阿甘天真、真誠、善良的品質(zhì);像 “Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.”則揭示生活中的哲理;而阿甘和總統(tǒng)的對話,阿甘那真實,可愛的性子也給該影片增添了幽默色彩。
[1]段瑞俊,徐進.淺析電影《阿甘正傳》對白的修辭方法[J].中國電力教育,2008(S):329~330.
[2]何自然,陳新仁.當代語用學[M].北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2002.
[3]胡壯麟.語言學教程[M].北京:北京大學出版社,2001.
[4]劉伯康.淺析象征手法在《阿甘正傳》中的運用[J].時代文學,2010(5):239~240.
[5]肖明.從敘事角度看許三多和阿甘的形象差異[J].安徽文學,2010(4):43.
[6]張碧航.電影《阿甘正傳》的英文原版人物話語特點分析[J].電影評介,2007(1):49~50.
曲阜師范大學外國語學院)
曹紅(1992-),女,漢族,山東人,碩士,學生,曲阜師范大學外國語學院,研究方向:外國語言文學及應(yīng)用語言學。