丁旭 陳海霞
摘 要:為了明確“+互聯網”在花卉各產業鏈的應用,進行了“+互聯網”在花卉產業鏈的生產環節、銷售環節的運用現狀的調查,對其發揮的重要作用進行了研究。結果顯示,“+互聯網”優化了花卉產業供給側結構。在生產環節,可根據銷售記錄分辨市場需求,確定品種選育策略和結構;另外,“+互聯網”將智能化調控技術傳送到生產基地,提高產品質量。在銷售環節,通過建立門戶網站、微信等加強宣傳,并增加了網上銷售平臺,同時銷售模式多元化,極大提升了經濟效益。建議生產者、消費者、經營者分別采取措施,高效運用“花卉產業+互聯網”模式,讓“花卉產業+互聯網”發揮更大的市場效能。
關鍵詞:“+互聯網”;花卉產業;產業鏈;供給側結構
中圖分類號:F320.1 文獻標識碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.04.002
Primary Discussion of "+ Internet" to Promote the Supply-side Structural Reform of the Flower Industry
DING Xu, CHEN Haixia
(College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China)
Abstract: In order to know about employ of "+ Internet" in each link of flower industry chain, the vital function of "+ Internet" was surveyed current progress of "+ Internet" on the production line and in the distribution chain of flower industry chain. The results showed that "+ Internet" optimized the supply-side structure of the flower industry. On the production line, determining the breeding strategy and structure could distinguish market demand according to sales record. In addition to,"+ Internet" would transfer the intelligent control technology to the production base to improve the product quality. In the distribution chain, the establishment of portal, WeChat enhanced publicity, and increased the online sales platform, as well as diversified sales mode, greatly improved the economic benefits. The authors suggested that producers, consumers and business operators take measures to effectively use the "flower industry + Internet" mode, so that the "flower industry + Internet" could play a greater market efficiency.
Key words:"+Internet"; flower industry; industry chain; supply-side structure
隨著經濟水平提高,花卉產業所占市場份額也隨之增長,其銷售的低門檻以及巨大的經濟效益吸引了眾多從業者,也因此引來了多方關注。“花卉產業+互聯網”的模式起步晚,高效運用效果暫未凸顯,但實踐證明“+互聯網”促進了花卉產業鏈的各環節的發展,尤其對供給結構的優化做出了巨大貢獻。在生產環節,結合互聯網形成了自動化、一體化、機械化的栽培管理措施,專家、技術員和負責人等可網上了解花卉的生產環境、長勢狀況,并對花卉的病蟲害、生長狀況做出預測、診斷與處理等,并通過對各品種銷量的大數據分析,指導育種方向;在銷售環節,改變原有市場信息的不對稱,將線上和線下緊密相連,解決了生產者和消費者的供需矛盾;各生產鏈環節都從供給方面得到了極大完善,加速了花卉產業向智能化、高效化、標準化轉型升級。本文通過分析花卉產業鏈“+互聯網”的應用現狀,探討優化花卉產業鏈來促進供給側結構性改革的途徑,以期形成可供生產方和銷售方參考的“+互聯網”操作方法,多方合作,共同創新,整體提升花卉產業的發展速度,進一步使花卉產業成為我國經濟增長的主要力量。
1 概 述
花卉產業作為一項新興產業,已逐漸成為對外出口貿易的新經濟增長點[1]。據統計,截至2014年,我國花卉種植面積達127.02萬hm2,銷售額達1 279.45億元,出口額達6.20億美元,已經發展成為全球最大的花卉生產國、重要的花卉消費國和貿易國[2]。隨著人民生活質量的提高,花卉產品消費市場日益壯大;除了農業部制定惠農政策扶持花卉產業的發展外,地方政府也相當重視花卉產業的發展,使其在農民增收和農村發展中扮演著重要的角色。花卉產業的發展一定程度調整了農業產業結構、增加了社會就業,縮小了城鄉收入差距、推進了生態文明建設。