以培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神和實踐能力為重點的素質教育是當今教育改革的主旋律,課堂教學則是培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新精神及實踐能力的主陣地。因此,教師必須加強創(chuàng)新教育理論的學習,更新教育觀念,創(chuàng)新教學方法,創(chuàng)新教學手段。本文將通過幾則教學案例,探討如何通過課堂創(chuàng)新教學設計,培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新能力。
一、“一問”激起千層浪
提問可以促進學生思維的發(fā)展,從而提高學生的智力。有多項研究證明,向學生提問不同類型的問題,可以開展學生的不同思維能力,從而促進學生思維多元化發(fā)展。如Book2Unit 7聽錄音后,我進行了以下聽力測試:
T: Who called Anns mother?
S: Bill did.
T: What was the message?
S: Bill couldnt go to the birthday party.
到此,兩個問題已順利解決,但是我不失時機地誘導以激活學生的思維。
T: Why will Bill not go to the birthday party?
S1: Maybe he is ill.
S2: I think his mother is busy. He has to look after his sister.
S3: He may have little money, and he cant buy anything for Ann.
……
前兩個問題來自課文的內容,答案基本是唯一的。而第三個問題則書上無答案,要學生展開想象的翅膀,百花齊放,只要言之有理,就投以贊許的目光及恰當的點評。
二、各抒己見,分享智慧
學習Book3 Unit 5時,我設計如下:
T: Yesterday we learned lessons 59.We have known something about HanMeis family and Indiras. We also discussed yesterday. Now please tell me something about your family.
S1: Im a girl of 15.I have a small family. My father and mother are both busy. They have a small company. So they help each other with work and housework. Sometimes my father does some cooking and cleaning, my mother does some washing and shopping.
S2: Im a boy of 14.I have a big family...
我對這一篇章式閱讀的處理如下:首先在學習課文后進行討論,在討論的基礎上再進行自由說,把各自家中的情況和同學一起分享。這一話題學生非常熟悉,與他們的實際生活密切相關,因此他們很感興趣。
三、餐桌禮儀大家讀
學習 Book2 Favorite Food Part3,我設計如下:
T: When do we use these sentences?
S: Talk about the favourite food or be at the table.
T: Can you find the differences between Chinese people and westerns when they have dinner?
S1: They use forks in their left hands and knives in their right hands.But Chinese use chopsticks usually in their right hands.
S2: They often have bread, salad, fried chicken, fish and chips, hamburgers. But we often eat dumplings and rice.
……
T: Thats right. But do you know how to have meals in our school?
S1: Stand in a line to buy dishes.
S2: Eat quickly and quietly.(快、靜)
S3: Wash the hands and bowls before or after the meals.(飯前、后洗手、洗碗。)
中學英語交際以培養(yǎng)學生語言交際能力為教育主線,所以教材中含有許多涉及到交際禮儀與行為藝術的內容。因此,在該課的教學設計中,我采用中西禮儀對比方式進行授課,甚至讓學生熱烈討論我校就餐禮儀。這樣,在讓學生學會新知識時,也具備了一個中國人所應該具有的崇尚禮節(jié)、尊重他人的素質,具備了一個學生應有的就餐禮儀。
四、條條大路通羅馬
1.快速回憶,準備聽說。一開始讓學生從腦海中搜索所學過的地名,采用搶答使英語進入緊張而熱烈的氛圍,為以下教學環(huán)節(jié)作鋪墊。
2.畫地圖,試著聽說。老師邊畫邊說,讓學生對空間位置有感性認識,然后板書兩種問路句型:“Is there a/an地點 near here?”及“Wheres the nearest+地點?”老師手指地圖中的交通線路,同時板書答路句型:“Walk along this street. Take the +序數詞+turning on the left/right.And then...”,讓學生對這堂課所學句型做到心中有數。
3.后聽對話,進行復述。為了讓學生感受純正、地道的語言,應讓學生聽對話錄音,并盡自己最大的努力復述、回憶所聽的材料,加深所學內容的印象。
4.設置“街道”,訓練聽說。把教室桌椅重新排列,排出眾多街道,并給它命名“文化路”、“昆俞路”、“龍山路”等要尋找的地方(如郵局、學校、農場、醫(yī)院……),另將牌子安置在某學生桌旁,讓學生進行操練,其他學生評價。
通過多年的教學實踐,我深刻地感覺到中學英語課堂教學必須遵循以活動為中心的理念,教師必須注重創(chuàng)設寬松、民主、富于創(chuàng)新精神的教學氛圍,注重抓住一切時機激發(fā)學生創(chuàng)新的欲望,注重對學生的學習行為和學習結果、反應等做出客觀、公正、熱情、誠懇的評價。只有教師在課堂教學中真正創(chuàng)新了教學方法,學生的創(chuàng)造意識才能得以培養(yǎng),其創(chuàng)造個性才能得以弘揚。
【作者簡介】王忠顯,威海市文登區(qū)米山中學。