鄭立傳 康鄭軍 張英豪 徐文博
【摘要】 家族史是前列腺癌的危險(xiǎn)因素之一,乳腺癌易感基因2(BRCA2)為已證實(shí)的前列腺癌高危遺傳因素。雖然BRCA2和BRCA1在前列腺癌發(fā)病中的作用機(jī)制尚未明確,但兩者均為有害突變基因,與腫瘤的侵襲性和疾病的不良臨床預(yù)后相關(guān)。前列腺癌的發(fā)病率在全球呈不斷上升趨勢(shì),因此迫切需要新的方法來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)前列腺癌的發(fā)病。筆者認(rèn)為,BRCA突變中BRCA2突變是主要預(yù)測(cè)因子之一,本文主要對(duì)BRCA1和BRCA2突變?cè)谇傲邢侔┲械南嚓P(guān)研究進(jìn)行討論和分析。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 BRCA1 BRCA2 前列腺癌
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.30.081 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2019)30-0-03
[Abstract] Family history is one of the risk factors for prostate cancer, and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) is a proven genetic risk factor for prostate cancer. Although the role of BRCA2 and BRCA1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer remains unrevealed, both of them are deleterious mutations genes, which have been associated with the invasive nature of tumors and poor clinical outcomes. The incidence of prostate cancer is on the rise in the world, so new methods to predict the incidence of prostate cancer are urgently needed. We think BRCA2 mutations are one of the main predictive factors in the BRCA mutations. This article mainly discusses and analyzes the related studies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in prostate cancer.
[Key words] BRCA1 BRCA2 Prostate cancer
First-authors address: The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)是男性最常見(jiàn)的第二大腫瘤,每年診斷新病例約90萬(wàn)個(gè),不同地區(qū)疾病發(fā)生率差異很大,澳大利亞、新西蘭和北美、西歐、北歐國(guó)家前列腺癌發(fā)病率最高,而中南亞國(guó)家發(fā)病率最低[1]。在美國(guó),前列腺癌是導(dǎo)致男性癌癥患者死亡的第二個(gè)常見(jiàn)原因,每年死亡人數(shù)超過(guò)25萬(wàn)[2]。因此,對(duì)預(yù)后較差的前列腺癌的預(yù)測(cè)研究至關(guān)重要。
前列腺癌遺傳病因?qū)W較為復(fù)雜且相關(guān)研究較少,多種因素均會(huì)誘導(dǎo)疾病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。盡管與前列腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)常見(jiàn)遺傳基因變異的臨床意義仍不清楚,但目前已有研究證實(shí)乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)和乳腺癌易感基因2(BRCA2)與前列腺癌的侵襲性和患者預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[3]。目前國(guó)際通用的前列腺癌TNM分期,腫瘤Gleason評(píng)分和PSA檢測(cè)并不能明確哪些前列腺癌患者死亡率高,而B(niǎo)RCA基因尤其是BRCA2突變與前列腺癌患者預(yù)后相關(guān)性的研究進(jìn)展很好地填補(bǔ)了這一空白領(lǐng)域。……