程廣斌 陳曦



關鍵詞:可持續發展;環境規制;技術門檻;門檻模型
摘要:“環境保護”和“創新驅動”是聚焦高質量發展總目標下推動可持續發展的應有之義。本文基于環境規制、技術進步和可持續發展間的作用機理,采用中國大陸30個省(市、自治區)2004-2016年的省級面板數據建立動態面板模型,定性定量檢驗三者之間的關系。研究結果表明:就全國層面而言,恰當的環境規制能夠激發企業綠色技術創新活動, 環境規制、技術進步以及二者的互動都能顯著推動區域可持續發展,進而“波特假說”被證實;而就區域分組結果來看,環境規制、技術進步對可持續發展的推動并不是無條件的,在經濟發展水平和創新能力總體落后于東中部的西部來說,環境規制通過將環境成本內部化,增加企業的私人經營成本,產生擠出效應,減少了企業的研發投入,不利于企業技術創新活動的開展,環境規制對需要跨越一定的技術創新門檻才能對可持續發展發揮積極的推動作用,從而“波特假說”被證偽。
中圖分類號:F061.5
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:10012435(2019)03006909
Abstract:Environmental protection and innovation-driven are the proper meanings of promoting sustainable development under the overall goal of focusing on high-quality development. This paper uses the provincial panel data of 2004-2016 provinces in 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in mainland China, bases on the interaction mechanism between environmental regulation, technological progress and sustainable development, establishes the dynamic panel model to examine the relationship between the three qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that :at the national level, appropriate environmental regulation can stimulate enterprises'green technological innovation activities. Environmental regulation, technological progress and their interaction can significantly promote regional sustainable development, and then the “Porter hypothesis” is confirmed. From the results of regional grouping, the promotion of environmental regulation and technological progress on sustainable development is not unconditional. As far as the level of economic development and innovation ability are generally lagging behind the western part of the eastern and central regions, environmental regulation is not conducive to the development of technological innovation activities by internalizing environmental costs, increasing the private operating costs of enterprises, resulting in crowding-out effect, reducing the R&D investment of enterprises. That is to say, environmental regulation has to cross a certain threshold of technological innovation to play a positive role in promoting sustainable development, thus the “Porter Hypothesis” has been falsified.
習近平總書記在中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會所作的《決勝全面建成小康社會,奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利》報告中指出:“我國經濟已由高速增長階段轉向高質量發展階段。”高質量發展以科技創新為手段,以人民向往為出發點,以實現經濟的可持續發展為最終目的,而發展質量的高低取決于經濟社會的發展能否滿足人民對美好生活的不斷增長的要求,其中最為直接的就是同人民生產生活密切相關的對環境的要求。[1]繼2015年1月我國開始實施史上最嚴格環保法后,各省份也相繼出臺新的地方性環境保護的規章條例提升環境規制強度,釋放出加強環保力度的積極信號。環境規制作為推動經濟、資源、社會可持續發展的主要政策工具,其本質是使企業排污造成的社會成本內部化,促使企業節能減排、加快技術革新,在實現環境保護的同時又推動技術的進步。在現實中,不少企業卻將綠色制造視作負擔,由于研發成本過高、研發能力不足等原因無法進行產品、技術、生產設備和管理方式的優化革新,環境規制和技術進步無法有機結合,甚至造成了更大的負外部性。資源環境約束和自主創新能力不強現已成為推動中國可持續發展的重要制約瓶頸,因此,厘清環境規制、技術進步與可持續發展之間的關系,有助于推動經濟高質量發展。