2018年11月CATTI二級筆譯實務真題（漢譯英）

林巍

Passage 1

習近平談互聯網

[1] 互聯網是一個社會信息大平臺，億萬網民在上面獲得信息、交流信息，這會對他們的求知途徑、思維方式、價值觀念產生重要影響，特別是會對他們對國家、對社會、對工作、對人生的看法產生重要影響。

[2] 網民來自老百姓，老百姓上了網，民意也就上了網。[3] 各級黨政機關和領導干部要學會通過網絡與民眾保持聯系，經常上網看看，聊聊天、發發聲，了解公眾所思所愿，收集好想法好建議，積極回應網民關切、解疑釋惑。

[4] 網民大多數是普通群眾，來自各行各業，各自經歷不同，觀點和想法肯定是五花八門的，不能要求他們對所有問題都看得那么準、說得那么對。[5] 要多一些包容和耐心，對建設性意見要及時吸納，對有困難的人要及時幫助，對不了解情況的要及時宣介，對模糊認識要及時廓清，對怨氣怨言要及時化解，對錯誤看法要及時引導和糾正。

（《習近平談治國理政》（第二卷）一書中相關的論述——《建設網絡良好生態，發揮網絡引導輿論、反映民意的作用》——節選自習近平2016年4月19日網絡安全和信息化工作座談會上講話內容。）

【譯析】

[1]中，“社會信息大平臺”可譯成a large social information platform，但就其廣泛性而言，其中的“大”，可用broad，義為extending a great distance in all directions。“在上面獲得信息、交流信息”似可用through which… acquire and exchange information，其實可作精簡，并在詞序上以英文表達習慣做些調整。如：The Internet是主語，將“是一個社會信息大平臺，億萬網民在上面獲得信息、交流信息”作為主語的同位語譯出：as a broad social platform where millions upon millions of users obtain and exchange information，接著引出謂語exert （influence on），其余的作賓語。而“途徑”“方式”“觀念”等可分別以ways、think about、view譯出，而“他們的”（their）也要避免重復，出現一次即可。

[2]中，“網民來自老百姓”似可譯成Netizens come from the common people、 Netizens are members of the general public，但體會其中語氣，是指“所謂網民不過是廣大群眾中的一部分”，故不妨釋譯為The so-called “netizens” are actually part of larger general populations。同時，后一句可不必另起，譯成“If members of the public go online， so does public opinion”，而采用介詞將其連貫起來， 如who post their views by logging onto the Internet;larger general populations和their views， 便自然蘊含了“民意”。

[3]中，“各級黨政機關和領導干部”，若譯成The party and government organs and leading cadres at all levels則顯刻板，特別是cadre一詞，其意主要為“a small group of people who have been specially chosen， trained， and organized for a particular purpose; in some political parties， especially the Communist Party， a cadre is a party worker or official”，仍多少有些“冷戰”色彩，故可避免，而用更為中性的officials and leaders of our party and government organs。“經常上網看看” 不必死板譯成should go online regularly，而可根據前面句式，接續為through regular surfing on the Internet。“上網看看，聊聊天、發發聲”很容易譯成“ go to the Internet to watch， talk and voice”，其實可將其意思加以融匯，綜述為“Online reading， chatting and communicating”。而“ 了解……收集……回應……解疑……”，可分別以“to get a grasp of …， gather…， respond to…， remove…， settle …”回應，但不是機械地對應，其中有必要的變通。

[4]中，“來自各行各業，各自經歷不同，觀點和想法肯定是……”似可譯成“… ordinary people who come from different walks of life and have different life experiences. Their views and opinions are sure to vary greatly.”。但可用動名詞、介詞等使句子連接更加緊湊簡練，如“ordinary people coming from all walks of life， who naturally hold diverse viewpoints”。而“不能要求他們”固然可譯成we cannot expect them to，但語氣似仍可加強：It’s quite unreal to expect them to…。

[5]中，“要多一些包容和耐心，對……”一般采取句式“We should be more tolerant and patient， …”但為強調主語，不妨將其提前，如：More tolerance and patience are needed/required.對于多個“及時”可以合攏為一，不必重復。同時，在表述邏輯和詞語節奏上，也可適當調整，如“take in…， explain to…， clarify…， pacify…”，整齊、對稱，而將內容不同的從句后置：to help those in need…，讀來更為自然、通順。

【參考譯文】

Xi Jinping： The Internet

[1] The Internet， as a broad social platform where millions upon millions of users obtain and exchange information， exerts great influence on the ways people acquire knowledge， think about and value things; especially， on how they view their country， society， careers and lives.

[2] The so-called “netizens” are actually part of larger general populations， who present their views by logging onto the Internet. [3] Officials and leaders of our party and government organs ought to be able to stay in touch with the public through regular surfing on the Net. Online reading， chatting and communicating enable you to get a grasp of public opinion， gather good ideas and suggestions， as well as to actively respond to people’s requests， remove their doubts and settle issues.

[4] In fact， the majority of netizens are ordinary people coming from all walks of life， who naturally hold diverse viewpoints. It’s quite unreal to expect them to accurately pinpoint and utter opinions on everything they perceive. [5] More tolerance and patience are thus required. What we should do， is to take in the constructive， explain to the uninformed， clarify any vagueness， pacify the resentful， guide and correct the erroneous， as well as to help those in need in a timely manner.

Passage 2

市場規模

[1] 當今，世界各國的實力較量涉及諸多因素，其中最重要的一個要素是市場規模。[2] 哪個國家的市場大，對其他國家的吸引力就越大，也越容易處于領先地位。[3] 中國有14億人口，這就決定了它擁有世界上最大的消費市場。[4]經濟學家都認為，過去這些年，中國市場發展的速度是世界上最快的。

[5] 連續九年，中國是世界上最大的汽車市場。[6] 2016年，美國銷售了1700萬輛汽車，同年中國則銷售了2400萬輛，其中在中國的美國合資公司銷售的汽車占比很大。

[7] 中國還是世界上最大的智能手機市場，也是最大的服裝、電商、國內旅游和農產品市場。中國市場展現了驚人的發展潛力。

[8] 在中國，中產和富裕階層人士迅速增長，年輕人有了全新的消費習慣，線上線下銷售渠道覆蓋了全國各地。[9] 隨著醫療、養老產業不斷發展，還將進一步提升中國人的消費能力。

【譯析】

[1]中，“涉及諸多因素”似可用被動語態many factors are involved in…，但分析起來，此處的“涉及”未必是involve，而可理解為rely on。而“世界各國的實力較量”一般譯成in the competition of the world’s power，但這是各種實力之間的較量，故可譯為competition among world powers。“其中最重要的一個要素是市場規模”，若譯成單句and one of the most important factors is the size of the market固然可以，但完全可以用過去分詞融合在前面的句中，如dominated by market size。

[2]中，此句若完全按原文句式翻譯，可譯成：The bigger the market， the more attractive it is to other countries， and the easier it is to take the lead. 但亦可轉換角度，把“領先地位”作為主語，如：The front-runner status always favors those…。而“吸引力”未必永遠是attractive/attractiveness，還可為appealing，如：①Spending the holidays in Britain wasn’t a prospect that I found particularly appealing.（在英國度假對我并不特別有吸引力。）②Buchanan pushed all the right buttons， appealing to Maher’s loyalty and to his guilt.（布坎南通過激發馬厄的忠心和負罪感得到了他想要的東西。）

[3]中，一般似可譯成：China has a population of 1.4 billion， which determines that it has the world’s largest consumer market，但鑒于對既定事實的認定，可用Given…如：Given the rising investment in college education by entrepreneurs， parental concern is not surprising.（鑒于商人對大學教育的投資不斷增加，家長們的擔憂便不足為奇。）“它擁有……最大的消費市場”，是“14億人口”的自然結果，故可用be endowed with，如：Hong Kong has been endowed with one of the finest natural harbors in the world.（香港擁有世界上最好的天然海港之一。）

[4]中，一般可用句式，如Economists believe that … at the fastest rate in the world，但亦可變通為：According to economists， … the most rapidly worldwide.

[6]中，“同年……”有比較之意，可用compared with …，亦可用against… in the same year。“銷售……占比很大”，可譯為with a large share contributed by…。

[7]中，“中國市場展現了驚人的發展潛力”是接續前一句的闡釋，故若單獨成句，如The Chinese market has demonstrated an astonishing potential for development便顯冗贅，不如用破折號補充說明，如“—its huge potential for development is astonishing”，更為簡約、明確。

[8]中，“迅速增長”一般譯成have grown/developed rapidly，但亦可為have increased phenomenally。“線上線下銷售渠道覆蓋了全國各地”在原文中是并列句，在譯文里則可轉換為狀語，如with online and offline distribution channels covering all parts of the country…

[9]中，此處的“醫療”不是一般的medical treatment，而是指醫療制度，即西方通常實行的Medicare。“養老產業”，不宜用old-age industry，而為sanatoria industry，如：This article discussed the advantages and significance of Migration Bird sanatoria industry in Miami.（該文闡釋了邁阿密開發“候鳥式”養老產業的優勢與重要意義。）“消費能力”一般譯成consumption ability， 但consumption potential 在此更確切，盡管字面意思似乎不對等。

【參考譯文】

The Market Size

[1] Nowadays， competition among world powers relies on many conditions， dominated by market size. [2] The front-runner status always favors those states which appealing to other countries based on their market size. [3] Given its population of 1.4 billion， China is endowed with the biggest market in the world. [4] According to economists， over the years China’s market has been developing the most rapidly worldwide.

[5] For nine consecutive years， China has been the world’s largest automobile market. [6] In 2016， there were 17 million cars sold in the United States， against 24 million in China in the same year， with a large share contributed by US joint ventures in China.

[7] Meanwhile， China is also the largest market for smartphone， clothing， electronic， domestic tourism and agricultural products—its huge potential for development is astonishing.

[8] In China， as the middle-class and wealthy people have increased phenomenally， new consumption habits of its young people—with online and offline distribution channels covering all parts of the country—are being formed. [9] Along with the continuous development of medicare and sanatoria industry， the consumption potential of the Chinese people will be further enhanced.