張計峰 胡勤友 廖秉軍



摘要:為在船舶避碰決策過程中兼顧全面評估和高效決策兩個重要的因素,通過引入可能碰撞圓(possible circle of collision,PCC)概念,提出一種基于碰撞圓的避碰決策模型。碰撞圓是由兩船速度共同確定的所有可能發生碰撞的位置的集合,具有“窮舉性”,可實現全面分析的效果。利用仿真平臺對船舶發生碰撞與不發生碰撞案例進行分析,總結碰撞圓的靜態特性和動態特性及其相互關系,進而建立基于靜態特性的可能碰撞點(possible point of collision,PPC)分布模型。采用該模型對“桑吉”號事故場景進行實例驗證并將其可視化,結果表明該模型可有效評估碰撞風險,并可快速作出避碰決策。
關鍵詞: 可能碰撞圓(PCC); 可能碰撞點(PPC); PPC分布模型; 避碰決策
中圖分類號: U675.96 ? ?文獻標志碼: A
Abstract: In order to take into account the two important factors of comprehensive evaluation and efficient decision-making in the decision-making process of ship collision avoidance, a collision avoidance decision-making model based on the collision circle is proposed by introducing the concept of the possible circle of collision (PCC). The collision circle is a collection of all possible collision positions determined by the two ships velocities, which is “exhaustive” and can achieve the effect of comprehensive analysis. The simulation platform is used to conduct analysis on collision cases and non-collision cases of ships, summarize the static and dynamic characteristics of the collision circle and their relationships, and then establish the distribution model possible points of collision (PPC) based on the static characteristics. The model is used to verify the accident scene of “SANCHI” and visualize it. The results show that the model can evaluate collision risk effectively and make collision avoidance decision fast.
Key words: possible circle of collision (PCC); possible point of collision (PPC); PPC distribution model; collision avoidance decision-making
0 引 言
隨著世界經濟的快速發展,船舶數量急劇增加,水上交通日益繁忙,造成船舶碰撞事故頻繁發生。80%以上船舶碰撞事故是由人的因素引起的[1]。國內外相關學者在船舶避碰方面做了大量的研究并取得了一定的進展。學者們還提出預報與識別碰撞危險區的方法[2-3]、船舶動態轉向模型法[4]、船舶自動避碰模型法[5-7]來實現船舶的有效避碰。此外,廖秉軍[8]提出了安全態勢圖的相關概念及基本用法;胡甚平[9]提出船舶會遇過程中避碰階段的劃分與量化,為船舶碰撞責任劃分和船舶操縱行動提供參考;隨著人工智能技術的不斷成熟與完善,人工蟻群算法[10]、遺傳算法[11]、粒子群算法[12]等被用于優化船舶避讓的轉向時機、安全避讓角度、復航時間和復航角度。……