張金水 王群朋



摘要:為更加全面地分析水域船舶沖突的時(shí)空特征,從船舶動(dòng)態(tài)航行過程出發(fā),以船舶領(lǐng)域模型代替船舶碰撞半徑,對船舶沖突數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行識(shí)別與提取。通過對空間自相關(guān)模型在時(shí)間維度上的拓展,探討船舶沖突數(shù)據(jù)在時(shí)空上的變化特征。基于該模型,研究不同時(shí)間尺度下船舶沖突空間變化趨勢。實(shí)例結(jié)果表明,研究水域內(nèi)的船舶沖突具有較強(qiáng)的空間自相關(guān)性,且會(huì)隨著空間階的提升而消散。
關(guān)鍵詞: 船舶沖突; 船舶領(lǐng)域模型; 時(shí)空特征; 空間自相關(guān)分析
中圖分類號: U697.32 ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
Abstract: In order to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of ship collision in waters more comprehensively, starting from the dynamic navigation process of ships, the ship collision radius is replaced by the ship domain model, and the ship collision data is identified and extracted. Through the expansion of the spatial autocorrelation model in time dimension, the variation characteristics of ship collision data in time and space are discussed. Based on this model, the spatial variation trend of ship collision at different time scales is studied. The example results show that, the ship collision in the waters studied is of stronger spatial autocorrelation and dissipates with the increase of the space level.
Key words: ship collision; ship domain model; temporal and spatial characteristic; spatial autocorrelation analysis
船舶沖突數(shù)據(jù)的識(shí)別與提取對于增強(qiáng)海上交通安全和提高通航效率具有重要意義。近年來,我國沿海航行的船舶數(shù)量與日俱增,并不斷趨向大型化和專業(yè)化。船舶密度和流量的增加,導(dǎo)致海上交通事故發(fā)生概率增大,其中船舶碰撞事故位列各類事故之首[1]。船舶沖突數(shù)據(jù)作為計(jì)算船舶碰撞概率的基礎(chǔ),得到了國內(nèi)外越來越多研究者的關(guān)注。
WU等[2]對AIS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行插值處理,分別使用圓形和橢圓形船舶領(lǐng)域?qū)Υ皼_突數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行提取,通過對使用不同的船舶領(lǐng)域提取到的沖突數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比,得到了船舶領(lǐng)域形狀對船舶沖突頻率的空間分布影響不大的結(jié)果,并且根據(jù)沖突頻率對水域的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。WENG等[3-4]在評估新加坡海峽船舶碰撞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí),利用圓形船舶領(lǐng)域?qū)Υ皼_突進(jìn)行分析,對船舶沖突進(jìn)行了基本的時(shí)空分布統(tǒng)計(jì),得到了沖突頻率高的船型和水域,并使用船舶沖突頻率和因果概率關(guān)系計(jì)算船舶碰撞頻率。……